Ch1 Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Chemistry
The study of matter and its interactions
Atom
The smallest unit of matter
Protons
POS charged subatomic particles in the atomic nucleus
Neurons
Neutral charged particles of an atom
Electrons
Neg charged particles found in electron shells
First electron shell
Satisfied with 2 electrons
Second electron shell
satisfied with 8 electrons
Third electron shell
satisfied with 8 (can hold up to 18)
4 major elements in the human body
carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen (CHON)
atomic number
number of protons
mass number
number of protons plus neutrons
isotope
an elements that has the same atomic number as another element BUT a different number of neutrons
mixture
two or more substances that are physically combined such that their chemical properties remain unaltered
suspension
contain 2 or more components with large unevenly distributed particles that will settle out when left undisturbed
colloids
contain two or more components with small evenly distributed particles that will NOT settle out
solutions
contain two or more components with extremely small, evenly distributed particles that will not settle out
molecule
formed by chemical bonding b/w two or more elements
compound
formed when 2 or more atoms from diff elements are combined by chemical bonding
inert
an element that is unreactive due to a full outer shell of electrons
ionic bond
formed when electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a nonmetal atom
ion
charged particle that has gained or lost 1 or more electrons
cation
pos charged ion
anion
neg charged ion
covalent bond
sharing of electrons
nonpolar covalent bond
involves equal sharing of electrons
polar covalent bond
involves unequal sharing of electrons
hydrogen bonds
weak attractions b/w the partially positive end of one dipole and partially negative end of another dipole (surface tension of water)
chemical reaction
process that occurs when chemical bonds are formed, broken rearranged or electrons are transferred b/w reactants
reactants
what goes into the reaction
products
what comes out of the reaction
energy
the capacity to do work
potential energy
stored energy in a potentially usable form
kinetic energy
energy in motion
endergonic reactions
requires the input of energy from another source
exergonic reactions
release excess energy
catabolic reaction
breaks things down
anabolic reactions
builds up (synthesis reactions)
oxidation-reduction reactions
re-dox reaction - the reactant that loses the electrons is oxidized, while the reactant that gains the electrons is reduced
enzyme
a molecule that catalyzes a reaction. lowers the energy of activation and is NOT consumed or changed by the reaction
inorganic compounds
generally do not contain carbon bonded hydrogen and include water, acids, bases and salts
organic compounds
defined as those that do contain carbon bonded hydrogen
water
60-80% of the mass of the human body and has several key properties / high heat capacity, evaporative cooling, cushions and protects, lubricant, universal solvent
hydrophilic
water loving
hydrophobic
water fearing
