Ch.1

Question 1

Critical Thinking

Answer 1

The systematic evaluation or formulation of beliefs or statement by rational standards.
•Systemic involves distinct procedures and methods.
•Evaluation and formulation are used to assess existing beliefs and devise new ones.
•Rational standards are beliefs judged by how well they are supported by reason.
•A reason it’s a consideration in favour of something
•And examined passively excepted beliefs are not truly yours.
-Socrates “The unexamined life is not worth living”

Question 2

The big three questions philosophers try to answer + 1question

Answer 2

•What exists?
•Do we have morals souls?
•Is there an afterlife?

•Do we know anything at all and how?

Question 3

Statement(Claim)

Answer 3

And assertion that something is or is not the case.
•”A triangle has three sides”
•”Puppies are cute”
•”There are black holes in space”
Statements are either true or false. Differ from questions, commands, requests, exclamations, and other expressions that are neither true nor false. Statements backed by good reasons are worthy of acceptance.

Question 4

Reasons

Answer 4

Provide grounds for believing a statement is true

Question 5

Premises

Answer 5

Statements given to support another statement

Question 6

Conclusion

Answer 6

The statement premises are intended to support

Question 7

Argument

Answer 7

A group of statements in which some of (the premises) or intended to support another (the conclusion).
Ex:
1. If God does not exist, then there are no objective moral values.
2. There are objective moral values.
3. Therefore, God exists.
1 & 2 Are premises, 3 Is the conclusion

Question 8

Indicator words

Answer 8

Words that signal the presence of a premises or conclusion.

•Because, since, for, given that, For the reason that, inasmuch as. (Premises)
•Therefore, thus, it follows that, hence, as a result, consequently. (Conclusion)

Question 9

Arguments Vs explanations

Answer 9

Arguments: Give us reasons for believing that some thing is the case.
Ex: People should have a respect for life because their own ethical standards endorse it.
Explanations: Tell us why or how something is the case.
Ex: People have a respect for life because the adhere to certain ethical standards. 

Question 10

Bona fide argument

Answer 10

Has only one premises and one conclusion