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biomechanics > CH1 > Flashcards

CH1 Flashcards

1
Q

kinematics

A

branch of mechanics that describe the motion of a body without consideration of forces or torques that may produce motion

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2
Q

variable with kinematics

A

position
velocity
acceleration

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3
Q

translation

A

linear motion in which all parts of a rigid body move parallel to and in the same direction as every part of the body

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4
Q

rotation

A

motion in which an assumed rigid body moves in a circular path around some pivot point

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5
Q

center of mass

A

2nd sacral vertebrae

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6
Q

sagittal plane movements

A

flex ext
dorsiflex plantar flex
forward and backward bending

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7
Q

frontal plane movements

A

abd add
lateral flex
ulnar and radial deviation
eversion and inversion

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8
Q

horizontal plane of movement

A

ER
IR
Axial rotation

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9
Q

axis of rotation location

A

convex member of the joint

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10
Q

accessory movements

A

passive translation of a joint due to the natural laxity within a joint

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11
Q

proximal segment rotates relative to a

A

fixed distal segment

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12
Q

distal segment rotates relative to a

A

fixed proximal segment

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13
Q

kinematic chain

A

refers to a series of articulated segmented links

pelvis->thigh->leg->foot

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14
Q

open chain

A

distal segment of the kinematic chain is not fixed and is able to move

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15
Q

closed kinematic chain

A

distal segment of a kinematic chain is fixed and not able to move

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16
Q

arthrokinematics

A

motion that occurs between the articular surfaces of joints

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17
Q

closed pack position

A

joint position of max congruency near end range of motion

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18
Q

loose packed position

A

all positions other than closed pack position

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19
Q

when is a joint least congruent?

A

mid range

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20
Q

noncapsular patterns may indicate

A

joint derangement

restriction o

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21
Q

kinetics

A

branch of study of mechanics that describes the effect of forces on the body

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22
Q

6 types of loads

A 
unloaded
tension
compression
bending
shear 
torsion
combined loading
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23
Q

stress-strain curve

A

provides a means for better understanding load accepting capabilities of a tissue

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24
Q

plastic region

A

where you have damage where the tissue has microtears and is longer than before

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25
Q

toe

A

region on stress strain curve with very little strain

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26
Q

rotating

A

when a force is applied at some perpendicular to the axis of rotation

27
Q

muscle action

A

potential for a muscle to cause a torque in a particular rotation direction and plane

28
Q

1st muscle action

A

determine the rotational degrees of freedom allowed at the joint

29
Q

2nd muscle action

A

identify axis of rotation for the plane of movement interested in

30
Q

3rd muscle action

A

identify where line of muscle action falls relative to the joint axis of rotation

31
Q

Antagonist

A

muscle or muscle group that is considered to have opposite action of a particular agonist

32
Q

synergists

A

muscles that cooperate during the execution of a particular movement

33
Q

4th muscle action

A

when 2 or more muscles simultaneously produce force in different linear direction with the resulting torques acting in the same rotary direction (pelvic tilt)

34
Q

EMA=

A

IMA/EMA

35
Q

fibrous

A

stabilized by specialized dense connective tissues usually with high concentration of collagen

36
Q

cartilaginous

A

stabilize by varying forms of flexible

37
Q

7 elements of diathrosis

A 
articular cartilage
joint capsule
synovial membrane 
synovial fluid
ligaments
blood vessels
sensory
38
Q

may appear in diarthroses

A 
disc or meniscus
peripheral labrum
fat pad
bursa
plicae
39
Q

4 primary tissues in the body

A

connective tissue
muscle
nerve
epithelium

40
Q

periarticular connective tissues include

A

fibrous proteins
ground substance
cells

41
Q

Collagen %

A

30% of proteins

42
Q

Collagen 1

A

thick

43
Q

collagen 2

A

thin

44
Q

elastin

A

net like interweaving of small fibrils that resist stretching forces

45
Q

ground substance

A

water saturated gel containing proteoglycans, GAGS, water and solutes

46
Q

what contributes to poor ability of joint tissues

A

sparseness of cells and limited blood supply

47
Q

periarticular connective tissue types

A

dense connective tissue
articular cartilage
fibrocartilage

48
Q

dense connective tissue

A

relatively low elastin, low to moderate proteoglycan, they resist tension

49
Q

articular cartilage

A

high proportion type 2 collagen, relatively high proteoglycan content, aneural (cant be source of pain

50
Q

fibrocartilage

A

high type 1 collagen fibers, dissipates loads across multiple plains

51
Q

DCT

A

straight

52
Q

Fibrocartilage cell orientation

A

swirlier

53
Q

responses to physical stress theory

A 
decreased stress tolerance
maintenance
increased stress tolerance
injury 
death
54
Q

ellipsoid motion

A

biplanar

55
Q

physiologic cross-sectional area

A

reflection of the amount of active proteins available to generate a contraction force.

56
Q

series elastic components

A

attached in series non contractile desmin titan on the line

57
Q

parallel elastic components

A

surround and lie parallel with active proteins, dense connective tissue

58
Q

passive tension

A

Stretching a whole muscle elongates both the series and parallel elastic components generating a spring-like resistance known as

59
Q

sliding filament hypothesis

A

active force is generated as actin filaments slide past myosin filaments.

60
Q

negative work

A

active shock absorption

61
Q

1 rm strength training increase

A

30%-40%

62
Q

isometric strength training

A

10%

63
Q

hypertrophy

A

starts at 6 week

64
Q

3-6%

A

strength loss per day during immobilization

biomechanics (1 decks)

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