CH Final Exam (sec. 3) Flashcards
0
Q
Fed gvt’s responsabilities (9)
A
Criminal law, money, banking, transportation, defense, prisons, native affairs, trade regulations, citizenship.
1
Q
effects of people moving to Montreal during the first industrial revolution on its demographics
A
francophones become the majority
2
Q
what did 72 resolutions propose?
A
1) federal system of gvt in which power would be divided into one central gvt and several provincial gvts
2) 72 member Legislative Council
3) Assembly would be elected on a rep by pop basis
4) The central gvt would have the powers of taxation.
5) Intercolonial railway would be constructed to link colonies
3
Q
what did Quebec’s industrialization consist of?
A
Change from old style cottage industry (skilled craftsmen used slow, expensive methods to produce goods) to factories manufacturing products.
4
Q
results of national policy (3)
A
1) New textile, shoe and machinery companies established
2) Western Canada developed rapidly
3) Railway construction used the funds needed to expand other sections of the economy
5
Q
what solution did george brown propose to canada’s inability to get a majority in the assembly
A
The grits would support the liberal conservatives if certain conditions were met: brown wanted new federal constitution where local gvts would deal w local matters and the central gvt would deal w matters that affect all regions
6
Q
which province tried to leave Canada during federal-provincial disputes about autonomy?
A
nova scotia
7
Q
who introduced conscription (mandatory service) in ww1
A
Rob Borden
8
Q
effects of intro of conscription in ww1
A
- Anglophones supported it & most french opposed it
‣ Riots broke out in Quebec
‣ Many people went into hiding
9
Q
what was purpose of national policy
A
promote national unity and improve economy
10
Q
gvt’s solutions to Great Depression
A
- Public works projects
- Work Camps
- Direct aid -
- Back to the land policies
- increased customs duties to encourage trade within Canada
11
Q
philosophies of Union Nationale (3)
A
- Traditionalist
- nationalist
- preserve french language and heritage, Catholicism and fam values
12
Q
what are provincial and fed gvts responsible for
A
agriculture, taxes and immigration
13
Q
main types of industries in quebec during 1st industrial revolution
(6)
A
1) Food processing
2) Leather
3) Textiles
4) Tobacco
5) Transportation equipment
6) Wood
14
Q
effects of great depression on canada (4)
A
1) their exports were reduced by half
2) Lower wages and prices
3) Gvts took in less tax $ and therefore had less to spend
4) In western Canada, people and to leave their infertile farms and migrate to search for jobs
15
Q
what did the union nationale do to try to help those affected by the depression (3)
A
-Supported old age pension program
-Distributed $ to single moms but they couldng be divorced
-Gave subsidies to hospitals and $ to people w disabilities and victims of work
accidents
16
Q
what did clear grits want? (4)
A
1) add western territories that were controlled by HBC to the colony
2) Governor and members of leg council to be elected
3) Reduce influence of francophones and RCs in gvt administration
4) school system to stop being run by any religious group
17
Q
where did foreign investments during second phase of industrialization come from
A
US
18
Q
why did PEI agree to join canada after confederation?
A
colony had big debt problems -> fed gvt agreed to take over their debts and make future financial payments to the province
19
Q
why did clear grits support federation?
A
1) Rep by pop would give the English a majority in the gvt
2) Market for their products would increase (other colones would buy + no tax duties in same country)
3) Other provinces would help pay for railway
4) Colonization of western Canada became possible
20
Q
Provincial gvt’s responsabilities (9)
A
Education, health and welfare, civil law, property, municipal institutions, lands and forests, roads, courts, prisons for sentences under 2 years
21
Q
philosophies of communist party
A
- Separation of church and state
- GVT owned all property and businesses
22
Q
Parti Rouge: leader
A
Antoine Aimé Dorion
23
Q
why was there a smaller market for Canadian products right after confederation?
A
people weren’t buying Canadian products bc Europe and USA were industrialized and had better products
24
why did john a mac suggest increased customs duties in national policy (3)
- protect Canadian industries from foreign competition
- encourage new industries
- give gvt more revenue to use to finance growth
of country
25
what powers did Britain retain after confederation (before charter of rights + freedoms)?
1) control over foreign affairs and trade w other countries
2) Britain could declare war and Canada would always be involved
3) British parliament could veto any law passed by the Canadian legislature
4) Only British parliament could amend the BNA act
26
why did the parti rouge oppose 72 resolutions (federation)
- they thought the English would have too much control & central gvt would have too many powers
- Didn't want to pay for a railway that would mostly benefit the english
27
philosophies of Social credit party (5)
- populist
- Criticizes the elite
- Claims to represent interests of people
- Right Wing
- religiously strict
28
where was social credit party popular
western Canada (agricultural areas)
29
what did natives do after north west rebellion
agreed to live on reserves in return for subsidies and payments (Indian act)
30
what factors encouraged Quebec's industrialization? (6)
1) people moved from rural areas to cities and immigrants arrived from Europe -> provided cheap labour.
2) St. Law river, canals and railways formed a good transportation system for products had money to invest in businesses.
5) Rivers and lakes provided water power for powering the machinery
6) New dominion of Canada increased tariffs due to the national policy to protect industries from foreign competition
31
1860: what were north american colonies?
1) United Canada (CE & W)
2) Nova Scotia
3) New Brunswick
4) PEI
5) Newfoundland
32
what was second phase of industrialization based on + why
exploitation of resources, mainly to supply the American
| markets which needed raw materials
33
what products were produced during second phase of industrialization
```
Chemicals
Hydro
Aluminium
Mining
Pulp & paper
```
34
provinces in dominion of canada
Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia
35
which political parties were created/gained support after the depression (4)
Communist,
Parti Nationale Social Chretien,
social credit party,
Union Nationale
36
why did john a mac suggest building railways in national policy
* This would allow settlers to move west
| * Increase access to markets across the country
37
what provinces were part of northwest territories?
manitoba, alberta, saskatchewan
38
leader of north west rebellion
louis riel
39
liberal-conservative party: leader
```
John A Macdonald (CW)
Etienne Cartier (CE)
```
40
3 main proposals of national policy
increased customs duties
build railways
encourage immigration
41
What happened at the Queb conference
- 4 maritime colonies + representatives of conservative-liberal party agreed that maritime colonies would unite w Canada.
- they discussed how to divide powers (each colony wanted something different
- agreed on 72 resolutions
42
which party + leader was in power in Canada during the depression
conservative, Rob Bennett
43
leader of Parti Nationale Sociale Chretien
Adrien Arcand
44
why were foreign investments needed during second phase of industrialization (3)
construct expensive dams, buy machines and
| develop transportation links.
45
what demands did Factories and growing urban pop create during second phase of industrialization + effects (3)
- wheat, dairy products, lumber and minerals
- Increased farm production required more farm machinery
- Production and exports increased
46
clear grits: leader
george brown
47
which leaders of which provinces wanted autonomy once dominion of canada was created?
Oliver Mowat in Ontario and Honore Mercier in Quebec
48
what kind of political disputes were common in dominion of canada
Fed gvt wanted more provincial powers (it rejected provincial laws)
49
philosophies of Parti Nationale Sociale Chretien
- Fascist
- Preserve culture of country
- Absolute leader
50
cause of north west rebellion
metis & natives were unhappy about their way of life being forced to change
51
why did British Columbia agree to join canada after confederation?
fed gvt agreed to construction of transcontinental railway within 10 yrs
52
why did Etienne Cartier agree w 72 resolutions
- French would be the majority in their provincial assembly
| - Central gvt would supply funds
53
which colonies disagreed w 72 resolutions & why?
- PEI & Newfoundland
| - Couldn't be served by railway and feared that taxes would increase
54
why did john a mac encourage immigration in national policy
- Prevent an American takeover of the sparsely populated area
- The bigger population would form a larger market for Canadian products
55
philosophies of Parti Nationale Sociale Chretien (3)
- Fascist
- Preserve culture of country
- Absolute leader
56
how long did reciprocity treaty w US last?
10 yrs
57
why was there dissatisfaction w legislative assembly in UC & LC?
only legislative assembly could pass tax bills. If the administration needed funds, it had to ask the assembly for tax bills but assembly refused so administration was often short of funds to run the colony
58
what did rejection of 92 resolutions + the agricultural crisis cause?
2 rebellions: one in each canada
59
what did tories want? (4)
1. raise taxes on property
2. construction of roads and railways
3. Union between upper and lower Canada
4. French to assimilate into English speaking population
60
how did the governmental system change after principle of responsible gvt was accepted? (4)
1. The head of the majority in the assembly was to act as prime minister w executive powers
2. The pm could choose the members of the executive council from among the elected members of the majority party
3. If the cabinet lost the confidence of the majority in the assembly it had to resign.
4. The governor-general agreed not to exercise his veto power or appoint public officials.
61
up till when was population of quebec mostly French + RC
1760
62
How did LC originally cater to the French (3)
1. Religious freedom (Catholics allowed)
2. French civil laws
3. The French could be administrators
63
3 british immigration waves:
```
#1: 6000 loyalists came to Quebec
#2: merchants came from Britain & the American colonies
#3: in 1815, many poor immigrants from the British isles (England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland)
```
64
why did timber industry spread to NA?
it was a big industry in Britain but the forests were soon all cut down so Britain imported it from Scandinavia. Napoleon cut off. prices increased so Britain decided to get timber from its colonies in NA. Britain also struck a special deal w LC that they wouldn't have to pay customs duties to export timber to Britain
65
leader of CW
Robert Baldwin
66
how did the economy improve in the 1840s & 50s (4)
1. Many immigrants arrived -> Increased demand for wood made the timber trade prosperous.
2. The seigneurial was abolished which led to improved methods of farming
3. Canada created its own currency (Dollars and cents replaced pounds)
4. Better transportation between colonies
67
how did UC originally cater to the English (4)
1. Township system
2. English civil laws
3. Anyone can buy land if they could pay for it\
4. 1/7 of land was set aside to raise $ for Protestant clergy
68
Political parties in U & LC (after constitutional act)
1. Tories (chateau clique)
| 2. Parti canadien/parti patriote/nationalists
69
where did the irish settle?
Many immigrants moved to UC, those who stayed in LC worked in Montreal and Quebec
70
who led UC rebellion
William Lyon Mackenzie
71
what did nationalists want? (4)
1. Keep seigneurial system + French civil law
2. Preferred to tax business and trade
3. Responsible gvt which would give them more power
4. Fought to preserve French culture
72
leader of CE
Louis Hippolyte Lafontaine
73
describe gvt that constitutional act created
King + Parliament -> Governor -> Legislative +executive councils -> legislative assembly
74
how did gvt change after union of Canada's? (4)
1. One united assembly
2. 42 elected members represent Canada west
3. 42 elected members represent Canada east
4. One legislative council w equal members from Canada east & west
75
how did Governor Craig cause political turmoil in LC (3)
1. Closed down newspaper called Le Canadien
2. Dissolved assembly 3 times bc he disagreed w votes taken by its national majority
3. favoured union of the 2 Canada's and the abolition of the seigneurial system
76
how were communications improved between 2 canadas after union (3)
1. new canals and steamships
2. more rialways
3. postal service
77
main demand of 92 resolutions
responsible gvt
78
why did LC rebellion fail? (3)
- there was little active support for the patriotes outside Montreal
- No support from the clergy who had much influence over the people
- The rebels were poorly organized and equipped
79
what did tories & patriotes fight over in leg assembly (3)
1. the speaker of the house
2. Language that should be used during debates
3. Taxes
80
Solutions proposed by Durham (4)
1. Gvt should promote the gradual assimilation of the French into English society
2. More British immigrants should be encouraged to come
3. 2 Canada's should be united to get an English majority on the assembly
4. Responsible gvt should be granted, minister should be elected
81
why didn't constitutional act solve problems in quebec (4)
1. arguments over which language should be
used in the assembly
2. English merchants wanted to tax property but French landowners wanted to tax goods
3. Merchant loyalists wanted to build a canal to reach Upper Canada
4. Rigged gvt (councils controlled by G, G sided w british)
82
which NA colonies became important timber suppliers to Britain
LC + New Brunswick
83
Territorial and military consequences of fur trade (4)
Alliances w natives
Fights between France english and Indians
Expansion of NF's territory
Population very small
84
what were cartier's goals for his first voyage?
1. find route to china
2. bring back gold and riches
3. claim land for the King of France
85
what was the sovereign council + who were members
- court of appeal
| - top 3 and councillors
86
what 2 territories in NA did france not give up
st. Pierre and Miquelon
87
details of quebec act (6)
- Made area of the province almost 3x larger
- French civil law returned but English laws remained for criminal cases
- Seigneurial rights were restored
- Catholics can hold public posts
- Collection of the tithe was brought back
- There was no elected assembly but the governor had a council to advise him (8 French canadiens were included)
88
after which war was treaty of U signed
Spanish succession
89
how did population of NF increase after king took over (6)
- talon encouraged people to come
- People were encouraged to marry very young
- Incentives were given to large families (over 10 kids)
- Fines were given to fathers who did not marry off their daughters by the time they were 19
- filles du roi
- soldiers got offered land if they stayed at the end of their army service
90
reasons for American revolution (4)
- After the conquest, many colonists wanted more independence bc they didn't need British protection from the French
- British gvt. wanted the American colonies to pay for the costly against France and wanted Americans to pay for the upkeep of the British army in NA.
- The British raised American taxes
- Americans had no representatives in British parliament
91
how was Iroquoian chief chosen
oldest woman in the clan chose him
92
why did france finally have to surrender NF
they lost too much territory (quebec city, acadia, great lakes, HB) only had Montréal
93
what was the mission of cartier's third voyage? Did it succeed?
set up a colony and have priests convert abs
| Mission failed and France lost interest in the colony for 70 years
94
what treaty ended American war
versailles
95
goals of company 100
Tried to encourage settlement in New France
1. Convert aboriginals
2. Exploit natural resources
3. Settle the colony
96
what was articles of capitulation
document signed after NF surrendered
97
what did Hocquart do to improve NF's economy (3)
- Opened more seigneuries.
- Exported wheat to France
- Promoted fishing industry
98
royal governmental positions for NF
1. Minister of Marine➡ in France
2. governor, intendant, bishop ➡ in NF
3. captains of militia
99
What did abs introduce to euros
- TOOLS: Canoes, snowshoes, toboggans
- CROPS: Corn, beans, pumpkins, maple syrup,
- Survival techniques
- Hunting and fishing methods
- clothing made from animal skins
100
Order of territories explored in NA
1. Gulf of st. Lawrence and gaspé
2. st. Lawrence river
3. Stadacona
4. Hochelaga
5. Lake Huron and Lake Michigan
6. Lake Superior
7. saguenay to James bay
8. Mississippi valley as far south as Arkansas river
9. Mississippi River to its mouth in Louisiana
10. interior plains as far south as Rocky Mountains
101
during what battle did quebec surrender to british
Battle of plains of Abraham
102
what treaty ended big war between france and Britain?
treaty of paris
103
why did the British order the Acadians deported
- thought that Acadians would side w French bc they spoke french
- wanted to encourage British immigration to Nova Scotia
104
motives of founders of ville marie
convert the Iroquois to Christianity.
105
Engagés:
hired workers who agree to come for 3 years, most came back to France
106
conditions of military gvt. (3)
canadiens:
- could not own weapons
- could only sell land to the british
- Had to take an oath of allegiance to the British king
107
NF's exports after 1663
- wood products (timber, barrels)
- sugar
- tobacco
- wheat
- fish
108
what did English laws prohibit French to do
- Roman Catholics couldn't hold public office, therefore no French Canadians could do it
- Roman Catholic bishops were not allowed in the colony
109
What did introduce to abs for abs (3)
- metal tools (guns, axes, knives, pots)
- hats and wool blankets
- X
110
champ's voyage 3: purpose and accomplishment
- purpose to establish for trading post
| - founded first permanent settlement
111
aim of RP
- assimilate the French Canadians and make them British
112
what territories did NF occupy before 1713
Hudson's bay, great lakes, Louisiana
113
how did the alliance between champlain and the aboriginals work?
- Indians promised to help with fur trade & served as guides through parts of Canada
- Champlain offered military aid to fight Iroquois Indians
114
what modern canadian territories did acadia occupy
New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island,
115
how did 13 colonies react to quebec act? (4)
Upset:
- lost territory in Ohio valley
- new system was undemocratic bc no elected assembly
- return of French civil law
- acceptance of Catholicism
116
what instructions did murray receive abt assimilating canadiens (5)
1. Canadians had to renounce Catholicism and reject authority of popes if they wanted to be politicians
2. No new catholic priests allowed in colony
3. Create Protestant schools
4. Favour British immigration
5. Distribute land in townships instead of seigneuries
117
how was Quebec reduced after Versailles
All territory to the south of Great Lakes was lost
118
what did articles of C allow people to do (4)
- The militia could go back to france
- The colonists could keep their property + stay
- People could practice Catholicism
- Nuns could stay
119
how was Algonquin chief chosen
bravery, hunting abilities and influence
120
details of treaty of Versailles (2)
- Britain recognized US as independent country
| - Size of province of Quebec was reduced so it was extended westward to compensate for losses
121
what did company 100 promise to do when controlling NF
1. Get 4000 colonists in 15 years
2. pay for colonists to live for 3 years
3. Allow craftspeople to set up shop faster than in France (no guilds or apprenticeships)
122
british gvt in NF right after RP
1. Governor General (appointed by king)
| 2. advisory council (12 members, cant make decisions)
123
What were results of euros and abs helping each other
- Indians became dependant on euro goods
- Traditional ab way of life threatened by alcohol & disease
- intertribal wars
124
details of expansion of quebec's territory after quebec act
- stretched westward as far as upper Mississippi and the ohio rivers
- included the Great Lakes and Labrador to the east.
125
Common elements between Iroquois and Algonquins
- hunting and fishing
- canoes as means of transport
- belief in life after death
- Clothing made from animal skins
