Ch A - Parental Agents Flashcards
What are parenteral agents?
Are used to provide replacement fliuds, sugars, electrolytes, And nutrients to pt who are unable to take them orally. To provide ready acccess for administration of drugs in an emergency situation; to provide rehydration; and to restore electrolyte balance. The composition of IV fluids needed for a patient depends on the pt fluid and electrolyte status.
What is parenteral nutrition (PN)?
Is the administration of essential proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, trace elements, lipids, and fluids. Is used to improve or stabilize the nutritional status of cachet ice or debilitated pt who can’t take in or absorb oral nutrition to the extent required to maintain their nutritional status. The exact composition of PN is determined after a nutritional assessment and must take into account the pt current health status, age and metabolic needs.
What are contraindications and cautions for PN?
Is contraindicated in anyone with known allergies to any component of the solution but there are multiple combination products are available so should be able to avoid adverse reactions. Should be used with caution in pt with unstable cardiovascular status. These preparations also should be used with caution in pt with unstable fluid and electrolyte status, who could react adversely to sudden changes in fluids and electrolytes
What are the adverse effects of PN?
Include IV irritation, extravasation of the fluid into the tissues, infection of the insertion site, fluid volume overload, vascular problems related to fluid shifts, and potential electrolyte imbalance related to dilution of the blood. Is also associated with mechanical problems related to insertion of the line such as pneumothorax, infections, or air emboli; emboli related to protein or lipid aggregation; infections related to nutrient-rich solution and invasive administration; metabolic imbalances related to the composition of the solution; gallstone development and nausea.
What are the drug-drug interactions of PN?
Drug guide should be checked for interactions between fluid and drugs especially K+
