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Oklahoma History > Ch 9 Trouble on the Plains > Flashcards

Ch 9 Trouble on the Plains Flashcards

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1
Q

Rebuilding of the country after the Civil War

A

Reconstruction

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2
Q

Who was elected president in 1864?

A

Abraham Lincoln

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3
Q

What ticket did President Abraham Lincoln run under in the 1864 election?

A

National Union Party ticket

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4
Q

Why did the Republicans call themselves the National Union Party in the 1864 election?

A

to appeal to Democratic voters

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5
Q

What did President Abraham Lincoln create in 1864 to protect the legal rights of former slaves, as well as provide them an education, medical care, and the opportunity to lease land?

A

Freedmen’s Bureau

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6
Q

Which amendment to the constituion abolished slavery?

A

13th Amendment

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7
Q

Where and on what date was President Abraham Lincoln assassinated?

A

Washington DC, April 14, 1865

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8
Q

Who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln?

A

John Wilkes Booth, a pro-Confederate actor

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9
Q

Who was elected Vice President in 1864?

A

Andrew Jackson (Democrat)

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10
Q

What affect did the 1864 assassination have on the political climate?

A

The sudden changes in the national leadership from the Republican party to the Democratic party created a new wave of bickering in political circles across the country.

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11
Q

When were the Pacific Railroad Act and the Homestead act passed?

A

1862

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12
Q

When was Camp (Fort) Nickols established?

A

1865

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13
Q

When were the new treaties negotiated with the five tribes?

A

1866

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14
Q

When were the battles of the Washita and Soldier Spring

A

1868

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15
Q

When was Fort Sill built and the Federal “peace policy” adopted?

A

1869

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16
Q

When was the transcontinental railroad completed?

A

1869

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17
Q

When was the Red River War?

A

1874

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18
Q

When was gold discovered in the Black Hills of South Dakota?

A

1874

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19
Q

When was the Battle of the Little Bighorn?

A

1876

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20
Q

When was the battle of Turkey Springs?

A

1878

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21
Q

When did the United States begin the “standard time” plan?

A

1883

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22
Q

When was the Seger Colony established?

A

1886

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23
Q

What tow congressional acts passed during the height of the Civil War in 1862 made a huge impact on the country for years to come?

A

The Pacific Railway Act and the Homestead Act of 1862.

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24
Q

What act began the process of building a railroad and telegraph line across the country?

A

Pacific Railway Act

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25
Q

What act is sometimes called one of the most important pieces of legislation in the history of the United States?

A

Homestead Act of 1862

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26
Q

This act turned over vast amounts of public land to homesteaders.
Ten percent of the land in the United States, or 270 million acres, was settled under the act.

A

Homesteaders Act of 1862

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27
Q

Explain the requirements for homesteaders who were given public land under the Homestead Act of 1862.

A

Anyone at least 21 years of age and head of a household could claim 160 acres of public land. Before the land was theirs, homesteaders had to pay an $18 filing fee, live on the land, build a home, make improvements, and farm for five years.

28
Q

What two pieced of legislation contributed greatly to westward expansion?

A

The Pacific Railway Act and the Homesteaders Act of 1862

29
Q

What happened to the Indian tribes as more territories were organized and new states were opened to white settlement?

A

Indian tribes were forced to relocate to Indian Territory

30
Q

Who introduced a Reconstruction plan for the Indian Territory in 1862 that involved taking over some of the land of the Five Tribes and using it to relocate Kanas tribes?

A

James Lane and Samuel Pomeroy

31
Q

When the Civil War ended, terms of the new treaties with the Indian tribes were largely dictated by _______________?

A

The politicians from those areas that were now being opened to white settlements

32
Q

After the Civil War, tribal leaders were called to a meeting at Fort Smith on September 1865 where they met with _________________.

A

Commissioner of Indian Affaires, D. N. Cooley

33
Q

Why were the treaties that the Five Tribes had with the U.S. government no longer in effect?

A

Because the tribes joined the Confederacy during the Civil War.

34
Q

Former slaves were called ________________.

A

freedmen

35
Q

What did the treaties negotiated with the Five Tribes in 1866 require them to do?

A

The treaties,

  • abolished slavery and granted freedmen tribal citizenship with the same rights as the Indians, including land and benefits
  • provided for peace between the United States and other tribes
  • railroad rights-of-way
  • a single, unified government for the Indian Territory
  • loss of Indian land
36
Q

Who was the first tribe to sign the Tribal Treaties of 1866?

A

The Seminole, led by Chief John Chupko

37
Q

Which tribe lost all their land–over 2 million acres–to the Unities States, for which they were paid 15 cents an acre? They then had to buy 200,000 acres on the wester edge of the Creek land for 50 cents and acre.

A

The Seminole

38
Q

Who signed a join treaty that ceded the Leased Lands (southwestern Oklahoma) to the government for $300,000, which was to be held until the freedmen were granted citizenship and 40 acres of land?

A

The Choctaw and the Chickasaw

39
Q

Who suggested the term ‘Oklahoma’ which means “red People” in the Choctaw language, for the name of the single territorial government of the Indians?

A

Allan Wright (Choctaw)

40
Q

Which tribe ceded 3,250,000 acres, which amounted to the wester half of their lands. For that they received $975,168, or about 30 cents an acre. Some of the money was to be used to restore farms, and some was for Union soldiers and Creek refugees.

A

The Creek

41
Q

Which tribe had to give up their lands in Kansas, which were to be sold for at least $1.25 an acre? The government also had the right to relocate other tribe to the Cherokee Outlet.

A

The Cherokee

42
Q

List the Five Tribes

A 
Seminole
Choctaw
Chickasaw
Creek
Cherokee
43
Q

Which Amendment included equal protection, due process, and citizenship clauses?

A

14th Amendment

44
Q

Which Amendment granted voting rights regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude?

A

15th Amendment

45
Q

What provided for a systematic survey of public lands?

A

The Land Ordinance of 1785

46
Q

What was the Initial Point?

A

In 1870, Surveyor Ehud Darling was told to establish an initial (beginning) point for a survey of the Indian Territory (which at the time didn’t include the Oklahoma Panhandle). His instructions “directed that such initial point be located near the center of the Chickasaw lands or in the vicinity of Fort Arbuckle.” Darling placed a
sand stone marker designating the Initial Point about six miles west of present-day Davis.

47
Q

Why was protection for settlers often nonexistent during the War?

A

Because military regiments were often called to fight elsewhere

48
Q

Who took advantage of the lack of military protection during the War and periodically raided settlers in an effort to drive them from their hunting grounds?

A

The Plains Indians

49
Q

The ________ __________ ___________ was organized by the Confederate military to prevent raids on the Chickasaw and other tribes.

A

The Caddo Frontier Guard

50
Q

A party of _____________ raided outlying Chickasaw settlements for horses and cattle in 1864 and despite the organization of the Caddo Frontier Guard they again raided Chickasaw settlements in 1865.

A

The Comanche

51
Q

Who joined the Comanche raiders in their war against white settlers and Colorado troops?

A

The Cheyenne and the Arapaho

52
Q

The Southern Cheyenne were finally driven out of Colorado in 1864 after what came to be called the ___________ _____________ ____________.

A

Sand Creek Massacre

53
Q

Several bands of Cheyenne and a few Arapaho, over 550 people, were camped on Sand Creek when they were attacked by Colorado regiments. Over 150 Indians,
mostly women and children, were killed in the surprise attack. This became known as the __________ __________ _______________.

A

Sand Creek Massacre

54
Q

an area set aside for use by a particular people

A

reservation

55
Q

After the Sand Creek Massacre, some Cheyenne, including _________ _________ _________, were given a reservation.

A

Chief Black Kettle

56
Q

To help provide safe passage on the Cimarron Route of the Santa Fe Trail, noted trapper, this soldier, and Indian fighter established Camp Nichols in what is now the Oklahoma Panhandle.

A

Colonel Christopher (Kit) Carson

57
Q

Who oversaw the construction of Fort Nichols even though he was in declining health?

A

Colonel Christopher (Kit) Carson

58
Q

houses built half in the ground, half above

A

dugouts

59
Q

Who was one of the few women at Camp Nichols?

A

Marian Russel, wife of Lieutenant R. D. Russell

60
Q

a large heavy pot, usually of cast iron, with a tight lid used for slow cooking

A

Dutch oven

61
Q

Camp Nichols was never attached, some believe because the Indians believed that Carson has “___________ ____________.

A

“strong medicine”

62
Q

In an effort to stop the attacks by the Plains tribes and to encourage them to adopt a farming lifestyle, the U.S. Department of Interior sent a peace commission to negotiate with the Plains tribes in 1867. Where did they meet?

A

Medicine Lodge in Kansas, where the water of the Medicine River was believed to have healing powers

63
Q

What treaty negotiated in 1867 required the Plains Tribes to live on reservations, learn to farm rather than roam the prairies and learn the white man’s way of life? The Indians would be protected from white hunters and would receive food and clothing every year. Each tribe would have its own reservation.

A

Medicine Lodge Treaty

64
Q

Under this treaty, the Kiowa and Comanche signed a joint treaty on October 21, 1867, in which they agreed to live on a reservation located in what is now southwestern Oklahoma.
In a separate treaty, the Kiowa-Apache agreed to also live on the Kiowa and Comanche reservation. The reservation specified for the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes was eventually located along the North Canadian River in what is now western Canadian County and Blaine County.

A

Medicine Lodge Treaty

65
Q

In spite of the treaties, the hostilities between the Plains Indians and the settlers continued. Who organized a winter campaign to end the attacks by the Plains tribes and force them to live on the reservations knowing that winter was usually a quiet time for the tribes?

A

Major General Philip Sheridan

66
Q

What camp was established in the northern part of Indian Territory as a supply depot to support Sheridan’s winter Campaign?

A

Camp Supply

Oklahoma History (1 decks)

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