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Health Promotion Exam 4 > Ch. 9 Screening > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Screening Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Primary objective of Screening?

A

Detection of a disease in its early stages in order to treat it and deter its progression

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2
Q

What is the secondary objective of screening?

A

to reduce the cost of disease management by avoiding costly interventions required at later stages

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3
Q

Define asymptomatic pathogenesis

A

latency; disease origin or development before symptoms first appear

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4
Q

Screening is what type of prevention?

A

Secondary

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5
Q

Advantages of Screening

A
  • simple screenings can be preformed at home
  • cost effective usually
  • opportunity to educate those who may otherwise not get a change to get educated
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6
Q

define individual screening

A

-one person is tested by a health professional who has designated the individual at high risk

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7
Q

define group/mass screening

A
  • a target population is selected on the basis of an increased incidence of a condition or recognized element of high risk within an identified group
  • the target population may be invited to a central location at a designated time to be tested for the selected disorders
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8
Q

define multiple test screening

A

the administration of two or more tests to detect more than one disease
-in some cases one sample can be used to evaluate the possibility of sever conditions, saving time and money. Ex: Blood tests

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9
Q

What are the 5 A’s of Tobacco Cessations?

A

-recommended screening and counseling for successful tobacco intervention

Ask
Advise
Assess
Assist
Arrange
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10
Q

What are some Disadvantages of screening?

A
  • margin of error (any margin of error could result in serious consequences)
  • maybe it is not cost effective
  • invasive
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11
Q

How is a Screening for a specific disease selected to be used?

A

-must also encompass emotional and financial impact of the disease detection on the population

  1. Does its significance warrant its consideration as a community problem?
  2. can the disease be detected by screening?
  3. should screening for the disease be done?
    • what are the health benefits? can it be treated?
    • what are the tangible and intangible costs?
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12
Q

define epidemiology

A

the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states in specified populations

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13
Q

The significance of a disease refers to what?

A

the level of priority assigned to the disease as a public health concern. significance generally is determined by incidence and prevalence and by the quantity and quality of life affected by the disorder

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14
Q

What may influence whether a disease should be screenable or not?

A

politics and special interest groups

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15
Q

morbidity

A
  • to a diseased state or disability from any cause

- broader terms… a range or degree of the illness that affects the person

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16
Q

mortality

A

death

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17
Q

incidence

A

rate of occurrence , the rate of a new population problem and estimates the risk of an individual developing the specific disease or condition during a specific period or over a lifetime

18
Q

prevalence

A

the proportion of a given population with the disease or condition at any one point in time. it provides the best estimate of whether a person is likely to become ill during a specific period of time.

19
Q

usually chronic disease are measured by their….

A

prevalence (generally existing)

20
Q

acute conditions are usually measured by their…

A

incidence (rate of occurrence)

21
Q

quality of life

A
  • subjective

- how do they perceive the disability of the disease, do they even see one at all?

22
Q

QALY

A
  • Quality Adjusted Life Year
  • measurement of quality of health,
  • utility value associated with a state of health by the years lived in that state of health
23
Q

DALY

A
  • Disability Adjusted Life Year
  • it measure the burden of a disease
  • accounts for life lost and life quality diminished through disability
24
Q

Quantity of life

A
  • severity of an incidence occurring

- cost associated with management

25
Q

Why is testing for PKU at birth done with every single baby?

A
  • it is extremely cost effective
  • tested/detected within the first week of life there are things that can be done that make it treatable if detected now. if not the child will experience a lifetime of consequences and costs to manage
26
Q

A screenable disease should have what type of diagnostic criteria?

A
  • well diagnostic criteria

- defined normal parameters that are wholly accepted

27
Q

Screening instruments should have what qualities?

A
  • must be safe, cost effective, accurate
  • reliability
  • validity
28
Q

reliability

A

-an assessment of the reproducibility of the test’s results when different individuals with the same level of skill perform the test during different periods and under different conditions

29
Q

interobserver reliability

A

if the same result emerges when two individuals perform the test

30
Q

intraobserver reliability

A

if the same individual is able to reproduce the results several times

31
Q

what does it suggest if interobserver reliability of a screening instrument is low?

A

additional training might be required to work toward a more consistent method of test delivery

32
Q

why would intraobserver reliability be necessary?

A

in substance abuse or mental health/depression screening

33
Q

validity

A

reflects the accuracy or truthfulness of the test or instrument itself

34
Q

false positive

A

individuals who do not have the disease but are referred for further tests because they test positive

35
Q

false negative

A
  • worse!
  • those whose diseases where overlooked
  • they lose the opportunity to receive early treatment that could prevent irreversible damage
36
Q

Specificity

A
  • measures the test’s ability to recognize negative reactions or non-diseased individuals
  • excellent specificity = rare false positives
  • poor specificity = more common false positive
37
Q

Sensitivity

A
  • refers to the proportion of people with a condition who correctly rest positive when screened
  • good sensitivity = less false negatives
  • poor sensitivity = lots of false negatives
38
Q

What kind of community resources affect whether a disease is screenable?

A

-funds, workers, follow-through, treatment sources, administrative personnel

39
Q

Lead Agency

A

overseas the development process of the community health program

  • Vary : from community service organization to local public health department
  • should partner with stakeholders (those who have legitimate interest in the topic)
40
Q

key community individuals

A

considered leaders within the community

41
Q

community assessment

A
  • carried out by the members of the partnership
  • systematic method of data collection that provides a detailed account, first identifying need and subsequently determining the type, quantity and quality of resources

Health Promotion Exam 4 (1 decks)

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