Ch 9 Quiz Flashcards
The confidence that an experimental treatment or condition made a difference and that rival explanations were systematically ruled out through study design and control
Internal validity
The ability to generalize the findings from a research study to other populations, places, and situations
External validity
Often called alpha and referred to as the level of significance; the researcher erroneously draws a conclusion that the intervention had an effect
Type I error
Often called beta and related to the power of a statistical test; the researcher erroneously draws a conclusion that the intervention had no effect
Type II error
The size of the differences between experimental and control groups compared to variability; an indication of the clinical importance of a finding
Effect size
A threat to internal validity because of events or circumstances that occur during data collection
Historical threat
A threat to internal validity because the changes that occur in subjects do not happen as a result of the intervention, but rather because time has passed
maturation
A threat to internal validity due to the familiarity of the subjects with the testing; particularly when retesting is used in a study
Testing
A threat to internal validity that occurs because the instrument or data collection procedure has changed in some way
Instrumentation
A threat to internal validity that occurs because the subjects who consent to the study may differ from those who do not in some way that affects the outcome of the study
Consent effect
A threat to internal validity because subjects may perform differently when they are aware they are in a study or as a reaction to being treated
Treatment effect
An inability to isolate the effects of a treatment because multiple treatments are being used at the same time
Multiple-treatment effect
A threat to internal validity due to the introduction of bias through selection or composition of comparison groups
Subject selection
A threat to internal validity resulting from loss of subjects during a study
Attrition
The capacity to confidently generalize the results of a study from one group of subjects to another population group
Population validity
A threat to external validity that occurs when subjects react to something because it is novel or new, rather than to the actual treatment or intervention itself
Novelty effect
A threat to external validity due to the interaction with the researcher conducting the study or applying the intervention
Experimenter effect
The feasibility of applying qualitative research findings to other samples and other settings
Applicability and transferability
The likelihood that qualitative research outcomes or events will happen again given the same circumstances
Replicability
A means of enhancing credibility by cross-checking information and conclusions, using multiple data sources, using multiple research methods or researchers to study the phenomenon, or using multiple theories and perspectives to help interpret the data
Triangulation
A method of ensuring validity by having participants review and comment on the accuracy of transcripts , interpretations, or conclusions
Member checking
A method of limiting the effects of researcher bias and setting them aside by demonstrating awareness of potential suppositions of the researcher
Bracketing
Detailed documentation of sources of information, data, and design decisions related to a qualitative research study
Audit trial
