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AP Psych Ch. 9 > Ch. 9 - Motivation & Emotion > Flashcards

Ch. 9 - Motivation & Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

achievement motivation

A

need 2 master harder challenges, outperform others, meet high standards of excellence

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2
Q

affective forecasting

A

efforts 2 predict one’s emotional reactions to certain events

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3
Q

anorexia

A

ED (usually adolescent girl) diets & becomes 15% underweight & still feels fat & continues to starve

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4
Q

approach-approach conflict

A

conflict situation in which a choice must be made b/w 2 attractive goals

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5
Q

approach-avoidance conflict

A

conflict situation in which a choice must be made abt whether 2 pursue 1 goal that has good & bad qualities

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6
Q

arousal theory

A

physical environment can affect arousal levels by stimulation/stress created when needs aren’t met

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7
Q

avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

conflict situation in which choice must be made b/w 2 unattractive goals

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8
Q

bulimia

A

ED characterized by eps. of of overeating, usually high cal foods, followed by thorough cleansing

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9
Q

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

A

Emotion-arousing simultaneously triggers physiological responses & subjective experience of emotion

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9
Q

catharsis

A

emotional release!! catharsis is a hypothesis, releasing aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges

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10
Q

coronary heart disease

A

clogging of vessels that nourish the heart (#1 cause of death in USA)

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11
Q

display rules

A

cultural norms that regulate the appropriate expression of emotion

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12
Q

drive

A

internal state of tension that motivates an organism 2 engage in activities that should reduce the tension

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13
Q

drive reduction theory

A

physiological need creates an aroused tension state (drive) that motivates an organism 2 satisfy the need

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14
Q

emotion

A

response of whole organism involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, & conscious experience

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15
Q

estrogens

A

sex hormones estradiol, secretes in greater amounts in females & contributing 2 female sex characteristics. In animals, levels peak during ovulation, increasing sexual receptivity

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16
Q

extrinsic motivators

A

external incentives 2 engage in specific activity, especially motivators arising from expectations of punishment/reward

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17
Q

facial feedback effect

A

effect of facial expressions of experienced emotions, as when facial expression of anger/joy intensifies those feelings

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18
Q

feel good do good phenomenon

A

ppl’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

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19
Q

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

Selye’s model of body’s stress response, consisting of 3 stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion

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20
Q

glucose

A

form of sugar that circulates in blood & provides major sources of energy 4 body tissues, low glucose=hunger

21
Q

health psychology

A

subfield focuses on relationship b/w socio-environmental factors influencing health, health treatment, & psychological effects on health

22
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency 2 maintain balanced/constant internal state - regulation of any aspect of chem like blood-sugar, around a certain level

23
Q

incentives

A

pos/neg environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

24
Q

instincts

A

complex behavior that’s rigidly patterned throughout a species & is unlearned

25
Q

intrinsic motivators

A

incentives 2 engage in activity that drives pleasure from activity itself, not external benefits

26
Q

James-Lang theory of emotion

A

our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses 2 emotion-arousing stimuli

27
Q

lymphocyte

A

2 types of white blood cells that r part of body’s immune system (B & T cells)

28
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

pyramid of human needs, beginning @ base w/physiological needs that must be met 1st b4 moving higher-level safety needs & physiological needs become active

29
Q

motivation

A

a need/desire that energizes/directs behavior

30
Q

need

A

condition of tension in organism resulting from deprivation of something required for well-being, personal fulfillment, survival

31
Q

obesity

A

condition of being overweight

32
Q

Opponent-process theory of motivation

A

stimulus/event simultaneously arouses primary affective state which may be good & opposing state which reduces primary state’s intensity

33
Q

parental investment

A

what each sex invests- in terms of time,energy, survival risk, & forgone opportunities - 2 produce/nurture offspring

34
Q

polygraph

A

device that records autonomic fluctuations while subject is questioned in effort to 2 determine if subject is lying

35
Q

primary drives

A

innate drive, universal/species-specific that’s made by deprivation of something/need 2 engage in some activity

36
Q

psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

A

study of how psychological, neural, endocrine processes together affect immune sys. & resulting health

37
Q

psycho-physiological illness

A

“mind-body” illness, any stress-related physical illness like hypertension/headaches

38
Q

refractory period

A

resting period after orgasm, during which man can’t achieve another orgasm

39
Q

secondary drives

A

learned drive, developed thru association w/generalization or from primary drive

40
Q

self-actualization

A

need to fulfill one’s potential

41
Q

set point

A

point @ which individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set

42
Q

sexual dysfunction

A

disorder -> issues in phases of sexual response, can be primary or show up later

43
Q

sexual orientation

A

enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex/other sex

44
Q

sexual response cycle

A

4 stages of sexual responding described by Masters/Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

45
Q

stress

A

process by which we perceive certain events (stressors) that we deem threatening/challenging

46
Q

subjective well-being

A

Individual’s perception of their overall happiness/life satisfaction

47
Q

testosterone

A

most important male sex hormone. M&F have it but you men have more testosterone stimulates growth of male sex organs/characteristics

48
Q

two-factor theory

A

Schachter-Singer theory that 2 experience emotion 1 must be physically aroused & cognitively label the arousal

49
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

relation b/w motivation & performance can be shown by inverted U curve

AP Psych Ch. 9 (1 decks)

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