Ch 9 key terms Flashcards
demography
Demography is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. Demographic analysis can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as education, nationality, religion, and ethnicity.
age structure
The composition of a population in terms of the proportions of individuals of different ages; represented as a bar graph with younger ages at the bottom and males and females on either side.
survivorship
The state or condition of being a survivor; survival.
fertility rate
The most commonly used metric is the Total Fertility Rate which measures the average number of children per woman. The global average fertility rate is just below 2.5 children per woman today. Over the last 50 years the global fertility rate has halved.
migration
Movement from one part of something to another.
life expectancy
Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of its birth, its current age, and other demographic factors including gender. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth, which can be defined in two ways.
infrastructure
Infrastructure is the set of fundamental facilities and systems that support the sustainable functionality of households and firms. Serving a country, city, or other area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function.
arable land
Arable land is the land that can be used for agriculture. The term is derived from the Latin word “arare” meaning, to plough.
urbanization
Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.
least developed countries
The least developed countries is a list of developing countries that, according to the United Nations, exhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development, with the lowest Human Development Index ratings of all countries in the world.
