Ch. 9 Central Nervous System

Question 1

Men have 6x more ___ matter than women.

Answer 1

Gray matter

Question 2

Women have 10x more ___ matter than men.

Answer 2

White matter

Question 3

What is secreted by the choroid plexus?

Answer 3

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 4

CSF vs. Plasma
Concentration of K+ in CSF?
Concentration of H+ in CSF?

Answer 4

Lower K+

Higher H+ than plasma

Question 5

About how many times a day does the CSF change? (Replenish itself?)

Answer 5

3 times

Question 6

What is the function of the choroid plexus?

Answer 6

transport ions and nutrients from the blood in CSF

Question 7

CSF is secreted into the ____ and flows through the _______ space & cushions the CNS

Answer 7

ventricles, subarachnoid space

Question 8

Why are brain capillaries so much less permeable than other capillaries?

Answer 8

The endothelial cells form tight junctions with one another that prevent solute movement between the cells.

Question 9

When dopamine is administered to a patient that has Parkinson’s disease, why is it ineffective?

Answer 9

It is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier

Question 10

Which dopamine precursor is allowed to treat the Parkinson’s disease deficiency?

Answer 10

L-dopa

Question 11

How can L-dopa treat Parkinson’s disease rather than dopamine?

Answer 11

It is transported across the cells of blood-brain barrier on AA transporter. Once it reaches interstitial fluid, dopamine is metabolized.

Question 12

What do astrocytes secrete? What do they promote?

Answer 12

Secrete paracrine glands.

Promote tight junction formation

Question 13

Where is the “vomiting” center located?

Answer 13

Medulla oblongata

Question 14

How much % of the blood pumped by the heart goes to the brain?

Answer 14

15 %

Question 15

Progressive hypoglycemia ( low blood glucose levels) leads to

Answer 15

confusion, unconsciousness & eventually death

Question 16

What are the four regions of the spinal cord?

Answer 16

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

Question 17

Where are the cell bodies of afferent neurons located?

Answer 17

dorsal root ganglia

Question 18

Ventral horns contain cell bodies of (efferent or afferent) neurons?

Answer 18

Efferent

Question 19

Dorsal root neurons carry _____ into the CNS?

Answer 19

sensory (afferent)

Question 20

Ventral roots carry ____ into muscles and glands

Answer 20

motor (efferent)

Question 21

Ascending tracts carry sensory information to the ____

Answer 21

brain

Question 22

Descending tracts carry commands to ____

Answer 22

motor neurons

Question 23

What are the functions of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 23

perception, skeletal muscle movement, integration of information & direction of voluntary movement

Question 24

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 24

movement

Question 25

Function(s) of amygdala:

Answer 25

Emotion & memory

Question 26

Function(s) of hippocampus:

Answer 26

Learning and memory

Question 27

Function(s) of thalamus:

Answer 27

integrating center and relay station for sensory & motor information

Question 28

Function(s) of hypothalamus:

Answer 28

homeostasis and behavioral drives, hunger, thirst, endocrine function

Question 29

Function(s) of pineal gland:

Answer 29

melatonin secretion

Question 30

Function(s) of pituitary gland:

Answer 30

hormone secretion

Question 31

Function(s) of midbrain:

Answer 31

eye movement

Question 32

Function(s) of pons:

Answer 32

relay station between cerebrum and cerebellum, coordination of breathing

Question 33

Function(s) of medulla oblongata

Answer 33

control of involuntary functions

Question 34

Function(s) of reticular formation

Answer 34

arousal, sleep, muscle tone, pain modulation