Ch 9 and 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Abiotic

A

Nonliving. In ecosystems, this is used to refer to nonliving components such as sunlight, wind, nutrients, and minerals.

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2
Q

Biotic

A

Living. In ecosystems, biotic components include all living things.

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3
Q

Herbivore

A

An animal that feeds on plants.

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4
Q

Carnivore

A

An animal that feeds on meat.

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5
Q

Omnivore

A

An animal or person that eats food of both plant and animal origin.

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6
Q

Producer

A

Any organism that produces its own food using matter and energy from the nonliving world.

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7
Q

Primary consumer

A

An animal that feeds on plants (in the food chain). A herbivore.

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8
Q

Secondary consumer

A

A carnivore that feeds only upon herbivores.

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9
Q

Decomposer

A

An organism that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into simpler substances.

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10
Q

Biomass

A

The amount of living matter in a given habitat.

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11
Q

Energy pyramid

A

A graphic model used to show how the energy flows through a food chain.

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12
Q

Trophic level

A

Any class of organisms that occupy the same position in a food chain.

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13
Q

carrying capacity

A

maximum number of individuals of a certain species that a habitat can support

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14
Q

mutualism

A

interaction where both organisms benefit

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15
Q

parasitism

A

one organisms lives on or in another (host)

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16
Q

competition

A

organisms compete for resources such as food, space, sunlight, water, etc. This often limits population growth

17
Q

limiting factor

A

anything that slows or limits population growth

18
Q

population density

A

number of individuals in relation to the space a population occupies

19
Q

exponential growth

A

rapid and steady increase in population under “ideal” conditions

20
Q

logistic growth

A

population growth that is controlled by limited resources

21
Q

immigration

A

movement into a population

22
Q

emigration

A

movement out of a population

23
Q

mortality

A

deaths (death rate)

24
Q

natality

A

births (birthrate)