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BIOL 65 > Ch. 9 > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Three structural joint classifications

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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2
Q

Three functional classifications: (Determined by the amount of mobility)

A
  1. Synarthrosis - immobile
  2. Amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable
  3. Diarthrosis - freely moveable
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3
Q
  • Adjacent bones are directly connected to each other by fibrous connective tissue
  • do not have joint cavity
A

Fibrous Joints

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4
Q

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

A
  • Sutures
  • Syndesmosis: held together by ligaments (ex: between the ulna and radius)
  • Gomphosis: between tooth & bony socket
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5
Q
  • Adjacent bones united by cartilage

- lack of joint cavity

A

Cartilaginous joints

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6
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondrosis: joined together by hyaline cartilage
Symphysis: bones are joined by fibrocartilage (ex: pubic symphysis)

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7
Q

Most common and only joint with cavity

A

Synovial joints

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8
Q

What are the sutures of a synovial joint?

A
  • Articular capsule (dense irregular connective tissue & joint capsule)
  • Articular cartilage (glassy smooth, spongy cushions, 1mm or less thick, protects bone ends)
  • Synovial membrane (loose connective tissue)
  • Synovial fluid (slippery fluid occupies all free spaces within the joint capsule, filtered from capillaries in the synovial membrane, thins with increased temp due to motion)
  • Joint cavity
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9
Q

compression squeezes synovial fluid out of the articular cartilage. Release allows it back in. Provides lubrication and nutrition.

A

Synovial Joints: Weeping Lubrication

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10
Q
  • Immobile or nearly immobile joint

- Important where the bones provide protection (ex: sutures and manubriosternal joint)

A

Synarthrosis

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11
Q

Fibrous joints between the bones of the skull

A

Sutures

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12
Q

Cartilaginous joint that unites manubrium and sternum

A

Manubriosternal joint

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13
Q
  • Limited mobility
  • Ex: cartilaginous joint - unites bodies of adjacent vertebrae; pubic symphysis of the pelvis - right and left hip bones are anchored to each other
A

Amphiarthrosis

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14
Q
  • Synovial joints of the body = divided into three categories: 1. Uniaxial: motion in a single plane
    2. Biaxial: motion within two planes
    3. Multiaxial: several directions of movements
A

Diarthrosis

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15
Q

List of common sutures found in synovial joints

A
  • extrinsic, intrinsic, & intracapsular ligaments
  • tendon
  • articular disc
  • meniscus
  • bursa
  • subcutaneous bursa
  • submascular bursa
  • subtendinous bursa
  • tendon sheath
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16
Q

Synovial joints

A
  • femur
  • posterior cruciate ligament
  • anterior cruciate ligament
  • tibia
  • tendon of quadriceps femoris
  • suprapatellar bursa
  • patella
  • prepatellar bursa
  • synovial cavity
  • infrapatellar fat pad
  • infrapatellar bursa
  • patellar ligament
17
Q

Types of synovial joints

A
  • pivot joint (between C1 and C2 vertebrae)
  • Hinge joint (elbow)
  • Saddle joint (between trapezium carpal bone and 1st metacarpal bone)
  • Plane joint (between tarsal bones)
  • Condyloid joint (between radius and carpal bones of wrist)
  • Ball-and-socket joint (hip joint)
18
Q

bone rotates within a ring; uniaxial, diarthrosis (atlas/axis)

A

pivot joint

19
Q

flexing and extending motions; uniaxial (elbow, knee, ankle, interphalangeal joints of fingers and toes)

A

hinge joint

20
Q

shallow depression at the end of one bone articulates with a rounded structure from an adjacent bone (radius and carpals)

  • biaxial joint
  • flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements (metacarpophalangeal (knuckle joints of fingers; radiocarpal joint of wrist; metatarsophalangeal joints for toes
A

condyloid joint

21
Q

articulating surfaces for the bones have a saddle shape (trapezium/first metacarpal)

  • biaxial joint
  • flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements (first carpometacarpal joint of the thumb; sternoclavicular joint)
A

saddle joint

22
Q

articulating surfaces of bones are flat or slightly (tarsals)

  • multiaxial joint
  • inversion and eversion of foot, or flexion, extension, and lateral flexion of the vertebral column (intertarsal joints of foot; superior-interior articular process articulations between vertebrae)
A

plane joint

23
Q

rounded head of one bone (the ball) fits into the concave articulation (the socket) of the adjacent bone (hip)
-multiaxial joint; allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, and medial/lateral rotation movements (shoulder and hip joints)

A

ball-and-socket

24
Q

Types of joint movements

A
  • flexion & extension
  • abduction & adduction
  • circumduction
  • rotation
  • supination & pronation
  • dorsiflexion & plantarflexion
  • protraction & retraction
  • depression & elevation
  • excursion: lateral & medial
  • superior and inferior rotation: scapula
  • opposition & reposition
25
Q
  • flexion - bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint
  • extension - reverse of flexion; joint angle is increased
  • abduction - movement away from the midline
  • adduction - movement toward the midline
  • circumduction - movement describes a cone in space
A

Angular movement

26
Q
  • turning of a bone around its own long axis

- ex: between first two vertebrae; hip and shoulder joints

A

Rotation

27
Q

Adjacent vertebrae articulate with each other at synovial joints between superior & inferior articular processes

A

Zygapophysial joints, plane joints

28
Q

Articulations between the metacarpals and phalanges and the superior articular processes of the atlas and the occipital condyles on the base of skull

A

Metacarpophalangeal/condyloid joints

29
Q
  • ball-and socket joint formed by articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula
  • largest range of motion
  • also called the glenohumeral joint
A

Shoulder joint

30
Q
  • formed by the humeroulnar and radioulnar joints (hinge and pivot joints)
  • articulation between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna and the head of the radius and radial notch of the ulna
A

Elbow joint

31
Q
  • multiaxial ball-and-socket joint

- head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone

A

Hip joint

32
Q

Largest joint of the body

A

Knee joint

33
Q

Three articulations (joints) of the knee

A
  1. Femoropatellar
  2. Medial tibiofemoral
  3. Lateral tibiofemoral
34
Q

Ligaments of the knee joint

A
  1. Fibular collateral ligament
  2. Tibial collateral ligament
  3. Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament
35
Q

Meniscus of the knee joint

A

Medial and lateral meniscus

36
Q
  • Talocrural joint is a uniaxial hinge joint (for dorsiflexion or plantar flexion of the foot)
  • movements between talus and calcaneus (subtalar joint) with other intertarsal joints (enables eversion/inversion movements of the foot).
A

Ankle/foot joints

BIOL 65 (1 decks)

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