Ch 9 Flashcards
Early Jails
1) harsh conditions
2) Cells lacked running water and heat
3) Men, women, children confined together
4) Prisoners responsible to pay for own necessities.
Walnut Street Jail
Philadelphia Society to Alleviate the Miseries of Public Prisons lobbied PA legislature for human treatment of prisoners.
Led to renovations of Walnut Street Jail in 1790
The Auburn System
1) 1823
2) Congregate work system prevails over Walnut Street model
3) Single-Cell design becomes to expensive
4) Smaller cells at 7’x4’x 7’ tall
5) Cells stacked on top of each other, known as “inside cell block” architecture
_________ prisons have highest incarceration rates worldwide.
American
___% of world population is holding ___% of the world’s prisoners
5% holding 25%
Over _________ citizens are on probation, parole or in jail or prison
7.3 million
3 Significant Factors to Rising Cost of Incarceration
1) Education and Rehabilitation programs
2) Prohibiting prison-industry from competing in an open marketplace
3) Civil law suites against prison conditions
Jail Characteristics
1) short term holding, typically 12months or less
2) majority of inmates are not convicted, but awaiting trial or other pre-trial procedures
3) serve as gateways into the criminal justice system
There are over _____ city or country jails.
3,300
Trend of Municipal jails
Most are abandoning jails as long-term holding facilities, using them primarily as temp housing for arrestees until they can be moved to another facility to pay bail.
State Prison Characteristics
1) Typically for convicted felons sentenced to a year or more
2) Inmates examined, assessed, and classified before assignment to a prison facility
____% of state prison inmates are incarcerated for violent crimes
53%
Some prisoners may be kept out of general population based upon:
1) mental instability
2) Health issues such as AIDS or Tuberculosis
3) Age (young or old) place them at risk of victimization
4) Gang members posing security risks
Alcatraz was build in _____ by newly formed ______ ________ __ ________.
1934 by Federal Bureau of Prison
What was Alcatraz used for.
The highest security-risk inmates in San Francisco Bay
How did Alcatraz operate?
It was a maximum-security prison without rehabilitation, education, or treatment programs
Alcatraz closed permanently in ______ and is now a ________ ________.
1963
tourist destination
Federal Bureau of Prisons
also known as BOP
Operates 104 correctional facilities from minimum security to administrative maximum
Federal prisons are…
correctional facilities housing inmates convicted of violating federal statues or crimes upon federal property
Federal Correctional Facilities currently house about _________ inmates
200,000
Feds have _____ recidivism rate.
lower
Why do some state allow private security companies to operate prisons?
1) overcrowding
2) budget constraints
3) high cost of prison construction
4) high cost of staffing
Health Issues in Prisons
1) HIV/AIDS
2) Communicable diseases – hepatitis c, TB
3) Mental Illness
4) 8th Amendment prevents “cruel and unusual” treatment, thus requiring adequate health care.
the bodily confinement of a person in a jail or prison
incarceration
a correctional institution based on the concept that inmates could change their criminality through reflection and penitence
penitentiary
the correctional practice of prohibiting inmates from talking to other inmates
silent system
prison constructed with individual cells stacked back to back in tiers in the center of a secure building
inside cell block
the practice of moving inmates from sleeping cells to other areas of the prison for work and meals
congregate work system
confining an inmate such that there is no contact with other people
solitary confinement
a practice of some Southern penal systems of leasing prisoners to private contractors as laborers
convict lease system
in the Southern penal system, a group of convicts chained together during outside labor
chain gang
in the Southern penal system, the use of inmate labor to maintain large, profitmaking prison farms or plantations
prison farm system
The philosophy that criminals are biologically distinct from and inferior to noncriminals
Lombroso-based correctional philosophies
the legal philosophy that barred any prison inmate from bringing a lawsuit in a civil court related to his/her treatment while incarcerated or conditions of incarceration
civil death
the US Supreme Court years (1953-1969) during which Chief Justice Earl Warren issued many landmark decisions greatly expanding the constitutional rights of inmates and defendants
Warren Court
the nonrestricted population of prison inmates who have access to prison services, programs and recreations
general prison population
the exchange of goods, services and contraband by prisoners in the place of money
prison economy
How many children in the US have parents in prison?
1.5 million
How many babies were born to women in prison in 1998?
1400
What % of female inmates have dependent children?
80%
the nonrandom distribution of persons by race in correctional institutions.
disproportional confinement
