Ch 9

Question 1

Early Jails

Answer 1

1) harsh conditions
2) Cells lacked running water and heat
3) Men, women, children confined together
4) Prisoners responsible to pay for own necessities.

Question 2

Walnut Street Jail

Answer 2

Philadelphia Society to Alleviate the Miseries of Public Prisons lobbied PA legislature for human treatment of prisoners.

Led to renovations of Walnut Street Jail in 1790

Question 3

The Auburn System

Answer 3

1) 1823
2) Congregate work system prevails over Walnut Street model
3) Single-Cell design becomes to expensive
4) Smaller cells at 7’x4’x 7’ tall
5) Cells stacked on top of each other, known as “inside cell block” architecture

Question 4

_________ prisons have highest incarceration rates worldwide.

Answer 4

American

Question 5

___% of world population is holding ___% of the world’s prisoners

Answer 5

5% holding 25%

Question 6

Over _________ citizens are on probation, parole or in jail or prison

Answer 6

7.3 million

Question 7

3 Significant Factors to Rising Cost of Incarceration

Answer 7

1) Education and Rehabilitation programs
2) Prohibiting prison-industry from competing in an open marketplace
3) Civil law suites against prison conditions

Question 8

Jail Characteristics

Answer 8

1) short term holding, typically 12months or less
2) majority of inmates are not convicted, but awaiting trial or other pre-trial procedures
3) serve as gateways into the criminal justice system

Question 9

There are over _____ city or country jails.

Answer 9

3,300

Question 10

Trend of Municipal jails

Answer 10

Most are abandoning jails as long-term holding facilities, using them primarily as temp housing for arrestees until they can be moved to another facility to pay bail.

Question 11

State Prison Characteristics

Answer 11

1) Typically for convicted felons sentenced to a year or more
2) Inmates examined, assessed, and classified before assignment to a prison facility

Question 12

____% of state prison inmates are incarcerated for violent crimes

Answer 12

53%

Question 13

Some prisoners may be kept out of general population based upon:

Answer 13

1) mental instability
2) Health issues such as AIDS or Tuberculosis
3) Age (young or old) place them at risk of victimization
4) Gang members posing security risks

Question 14

Alcatraz was build in _____ by newly formed ______ ________ __ ________.

Answer 14

1934 by Federal Bureau of Prison

Question 15

What was Alcatraz used for.

Answer 15

The highest security-risk inmates in San Francisco Bay

Question 16

How did Alcatraz operate?

Answer 16

It was a maximum-security prison without rehabilitation, education, or treatment programs

Question 17

Alcatraz closed permanently in ______ and is now a ________ ________.

Answer 17

1963

tourist destination

Question 18

Federal Bureau of Prisons

Answer 18

also known as BOP

Operates 104 correctional facilities from minimum security to administrative maximum

Question 19

Federal prisons are…

Answer 19

correctional facilities housing inmates convicted of violating federal statues or crimes upon federal property

Question 20

Federal Correctional Facilities currently house about _________ inmates

Answer 20

200,000

Question 21

Feds have _____ recidivism rate.

Answer 21

lower

Question 22

Why do some state allow private security companies to operate prisons?

Answer 22

1) overcrowding
2) budget constraints
3) high cost of prison construction
4) high cost of staffing

Question 23

Health Issues in Prisons

Answer 23

1) HIV/AIDS
2) Communicable diseases – hepatitis c, TB
3) Mental Illness
4) 8th Amendment prevents “cruel and unusual” treatment, thus requiring adequate health care.

Question 24

the bodily confinement of a person in a jail or prison

Answer 24

incarceration

Question 25

a correctional institution based on the concept that inmates could change their criminality through reflection and penitence

Answer 25

penitentiary

Question 26

the correctional practice of prohibiting inmates from talking to other inmates

Answer 26

silent system

Question 27

prison constructed with individual cells stacked back to back in tiers in the center of a secure building

Answer 27

inside cell block

Question 28

the practice of moving inmates from sleeping cells to other areas of the prison for work and meals

Answer 28

congregate work system

Question 29

confining an inmate such that there is no contact with other people

Answer 29

solitary confinement

Question 30

a practice of some Southern penal systems of leasing prisoners to private contractors as laborers

Answer 30

convict lease system

Question 31

in the Southern penal system, a group of convicts chained together during outside labor

Answer 31

chain gang

Question 32

in the Southern penal system, the use of inmate labor to maintain large, profitmaking prison farms or plantations

Answer 32

prison farm system

Question 33

The philosophy that criminals are biologically distinct from and inferior to noncriminals

Answer 33

Lombroso-based correctional philosophies

Question 34

the legal philosophy that barred any prison inmate from bringing a lawsuit in a civil court related to his/her treatment while incarcerated or conditions of incarceration

Answer 34

civil death

Question 35

the US Supreme Court years (1953-1969) during which Chief Justice Earl Warren issued many landmark decisions greatly expanding the constitutional rights of inmates and defendants

Answer 35

Warren Court

Question 36

the nonrestricted population of prison inmates who have access to prison services, programs and recreations

Answer 36

general prison population

Question 37

the exchange of goods, services and contraband by prisoners in the place of money

Answer 37

prison economy

Question 38

How many children in the US have parents in prison?

Answer 38

1.5 million

Question 39

How many babies were born to women in prison in 1998?

Answer 39

1400

Question 40

What % of female inmates have dependent children?

Answer 40

80%

Question 41

the nonrandom distribution of persons by race in correctional institutions.

Answer 41

disproportional confinement