Ch 9 Flashcards
what are the 4 major approaches in qualitative design
- Phenomenological
- Ground theory- going right in there and comparing concepts
- ethnography- culture of individual
- historical
which studies people for a long time prospective or longitudinal
longitudinal
•prospective (future), longitudinal (study people for a long period of time)
in which of the following is time not a factor in the design
what is its definition
cross sectional
retrospective
prospective
longitudinal
cross sectional
a research design that includes the collection of all data at one point in time
what are the 3 functions of specific research designs when rbroadly categorized
eg of one
designs for connecting or relating
designs for describing or understanding
designs for connecting or relating
esigns for manipulation and prediction
what is a research design
Research design is the overall plan for acquiring new knowledge or confirming existing knowledge.
- Research is a systematic approach to gathering info to answer questions and the design is the plan for that systematic approach so that answers will be found
- Design identifies how subjects will be recruited and incorporated into a study; what will happen during the study, including timing of any treatments and measures and when the study will end
for what reason beyond Plan an approach that best answers the question are research designs selected
Ensure the rigor and validity
can you create an experimental design when you know little about the subject
NO
experimental designs answer questions requiring that we already know a great deal about the topic in order to set up a meaningful experiment.
An experiment assumes that we know some factors that we want to manipulate in order to see if and how they affect an outcome. If we don’t know the factors that are influencing it then we have nothing to manipulate and must choose a new design
The framework used to understand how research designs influence the meaningfulness of research for practice focus on 3 factors:
- Overall function of the design
- How time or timing is incorporated
- Whether it seeks to control or not control factors
Designs in ql research are more flexible and “emerging” aka design may be altered but should still be accurate
what does validity mean
what two aspects of the study can validity refer to
what are the different kinds of validity in relation to qualitative study design
Validity is accuracy and correctness
measurement and design
measurement validity
internal validity
external validity
what is measurement validity
instruments are accurate measures of the study variables
what is internal validity and what is external validity
•Internal validity – extent to which we can be sure of the accuracy or correctness of the findings of the study. Thus, refers to how accurate the results are within the study itself
External validity- extent to which the results of a study can be applied to other groups of situations
does internal or external validity relate to generalizability more
Generalizability is a big aspect of external validity bc refers to ability to infer that findings can be applied to other pop.
t or f if a study lacks internal validity it automatically lacks external validity
true
what is a Threat to validity
are problems with rigor or external and internal validity bc they threaten the accuracy of internal findings or the ability to apply the findings to other sample or settings
t or fa if a study lacks measurement validity it lacks internal validity
true. if youre measuring something wrong the results wont be accurate for the patients in the study
what are the threats to rigor in Ql
Rigor again is- consistency, trustworthiness, tranfersability and credibility of the study
So must consider the consistency in the application of the study design throughout the study or consider credibility given the researchers accurate use of the study method
what are the six threats to internal validity of Ql studies
nclude problems of history, maturation, testing, instrumentation, mortality and selction bias
T H IM M SB
kinda like them malicious sons of bitches.
so rude
history defn and what it affects
History: factor outside those examined in the study affecting th outcome or depedent variable. When past events infleuenced the dep var
what is maturation
and eg
Maturation: refers to a change in the dep var simple bc of the passage of time
eg aging decreasing function
studies lacking what design element are vulnerable to maturation
control group
what s testing as a threat to internal validity
Testing: change in dep var that result bc it is being measured or bc tof the measure itself. (eg. Asking a pt about their depression might make them more aware of how sad they are – inc their depression)
instrumentation as thereat to internal validity
Instrumentation: changing the masures used in a study from one time to another (eg. Charting an injection- the time they did it vs. when they documented it)
what is mortality as a threat to internal validity
Mortality: loss of subjects from a study bc of a consistent factor rlated to the dep var. can be from death or withdrawing from study
what is selection bias
Selection bias: subjects having unique char that in some manner relate to the dep var, raising a question whether the findings from a study resulted from the indep var or the char of the sample. Eg) study concerning surgical recovery and some pt have additional meds and this introduces a bias bc the added meds might affect the recovery, thus confounding any differences that might occur solely bc of the other variables.
what are the threats to external validity of Ql studies
measurement effects
experiementer effects
reactivity effects aka Hawthorne effect
novelty effects
MERN
like MERN…THIM Malicious SBs are messing with my validity
