ch 9

Question 1

Abrasion

Answer 1

• Superficial scraping of the skin
• Usually caused by friction (e.g., falling on pavement)
• Treatment: Clean thoroughly to remove debris, mild soap and water

Question 2

Laceration

Answer 2

• Open wound with jagged or smooth edges
• Caused by sharp objects or significant force
• Treatment: Control bleeding, clean, close (with medical help if needed)

Question 3

Avulsion

Answer 3

• Partial or complete tearing away of skin and tissue
• Treatment: Save avulsed tissue, control bleeding, seek medical attention

Question 4

Puncture

Answer 4

• Penetrating wound caused by sharp, pointed object
• High risk of infection due to difficult cleaning
• Treatment: Clean thoroughly, monitor for infection, tetanus prophylaxis

Question 5

Contusion

Answer 5

• Closed wound caused by blunt force
• Blood vessels damaged beneath unbroken skin
• Treatment: RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)

Question 6

Arterial

Answer 6

Bright red, spurting with pulse

Question 7

Venous

Answer 7

Dark red, steady flow

Question 8

Capillary

Answer 8

oozing from superficial wounds .

Question 9

controlling external bleeding

Answer 9

• Direct pressure with sterile dressing (primary method)
• Maintain pressure for at least 15 minutes
• Add dressings as needed; don’t remove blood-soaked ones
• Elevation of injured extremity
• Pressure points (as supplementary method)
• Tourniquets only as last resort for life-threatening bleeding

Question 10

internal bleeding

Answer 10

• Signs: Bruising, swelling, pain, tenderness
• Additional signs: Anxiety, restlessness, weak rapid pulse, shock symptoms
• Treatment: Recognize early, seek medical attention, treat for shock

Question 11

cleaning wounds

Answer 11

• Clean from center outward
• Use soap and water or antiseptic
• Remove debris carefully
• Exception: Don’t clean wounds with impaled objects

Question 12

dressings and bandages

Answer 12

• Dressing: Material that covers the wound (sterile)
• Bandage: Material that holds dressing in place

Question 13

bandaging principles

Answer 13

• Bandage distal to proximal (away from heart toward heart)
• Check circulation after bandaging
• Not too tight or too loose
• Cover entire dressing

Question 14

bandaging techniques

Answer 14

• Circular: Around cylindrical body parts
• Spiral: Limbs and fingers
• Figure-eight: Joints (ankles, knees, wrists)
• Tubular: Fingers and toes

Question 15

special considerations

Answer 15

• Impaled Objects: Never remove; stabilize in place
• Amputations: Control bleeding, save amputated part
• Eye Injuries: Cover both eyes to prevent sympathetic movement

Nosebleeds: Lean forward, pinch soft part of nose for 10+ minutes

Question 16

when to seek medical attention

Answer 16

• Deep or gaping wounds
• Wounds that won’t stop bleeding
• Embedded objects or debris
• Animal or human bites
• Signs of infection
• Wounds on face (potential scarring)
• Wounds over joints or tendons

Question 17

signs of infection

Answer 17

• Increasing pain, redness, swelling
• Warmth around wound
Pus or discharge
• Red streaks extending from wound
• Fever

Question 18

prevention measures

Answer 18

• Clean hands before wound care
• Clean wound thoroughly
• Use sterile dressings
• Change dressings regularly
• Monitor for signs of infection

Question 19

fractures

Answer 19

• Closed: Skin intact
• Open: Bone protrudes through skin
• Complete: Bone separated into two parts
• Incomplete: Partial break (greenstick in children)
• Comminuted: Bone shattered into multiple fragments

Question 20

dislocations

Answer 20

• Joint surfaces separated
• Deformity, loss of function
often accompanied by ligament damage

Question 21

sprains

Answer 21

• Stretch or tear of ligaments
• Grades: I (stretch), Il (partial tear), III (complete tear)
• Common at joints (ankles, knees, wrists)

Question 22

strains

Answer 22

0 Stretch or tear of muscles or tendons
• Grades: I (mild), II (moderate), III (severe) |
• Common in back, hamstrings, shoulders

Question 23

signs and symptoms fractures

Answer 23

• Pain, swelling, deformity
• Inability to use or bear weight
• Grating sensation (crepitus)
• Bruising, tenderness

Question 24

signs and symptoms dislocation

Answer 24

• Visible deformity of joint
Pain, swelling
Immobility of joint
o Numbness or tingling

Question 25

signs and symptoms sprains

Answer 25

• Pain with movement Swelling, bruisir •Limited mobili o Instability of joint

Question 26

signs and symptoms strains

Answer 26

• Pain with movement Swelling, bruising • Muscle spasms • Weakness

Question 27

RICE Protocol

Answer 27

• Rest: Avoid use of injured area • Ice: Apply cold 15-20 minutes, every 2-3 hours • Compression: Elastic bandage to reduce swelling • Elevation: Raise injured area above heart level

Question 28

When to Seek Medical Attention

Answer 28

1. All suspected fractures and dislocations 2. Severe sprains or strains 3. Inability to move or bear weight 4. Numbness or tingling after injury 5. Deformity of limb or joint 6. Open wounds associated with bone injury

Question 29

Key Concepts to Remember

Answer 29

1. Safety First: Ensure scene safety before providing care 2. Proper Assessment: Check for additional injuries 3. Control Bleeding: Primary concern in open wounds 4. Prevent Infection: Clean wounds properly Immobilization: Prevent further injury with proper splinting Monitor: Check CSM regularly 7. RICE: Standard treatment for most musculoskeletal injuries When in Doubt: Treat as a worst-case scenario and seek medical attention