Ch. 9 Flashcards
What are the three criteria for establishing causation?
-covariance
-temporal precedence
-internal validity
What do multivariate designs involve?
more than two measured variables
Why choose to do a longitudinal study instead of an experiment?
many cases participants cannot be randomly assigned to a variable (cannot be assigned a preference)
What is a cross-sectional correlation?
In a longitudinal design, a correlation between two variables that are measured at the same time
What is an autocorrelation?
In a longitudinal design, the correlation of one variable with itself, measured two different times
What is a cross-lag correlation?
In a longitudinal design, a correlation between an earlier measure of one variable and a later measure of another variable.
What is a ‘control for’ ?
Holding a potential third variable at a constant level (statistically or experimentally) while investigating the association between two variables
What is criterion variable?
The variable in a multiple-regression analysis that the researchers are most interested in understanding or predicting
What is a multivariate design?
A study designed to test an association involving more than two measured variables
What is multiple regression?
A statistical technique that computes the relationship between a predictor variable and a criterion variable, controlling for other predictor variables
What is a mediator?
A variable that helps explain the relationship between two other variables
What is a longitudinal design?
a study in which the same variables are measured in the same people at different points in time
What is a predictor variable?
A variable in multiple-regression analysis that is used to explain variance in the criterion variable
What is a parsimony?
The degree to which a theory provides the simplest explanation of some phenomenon. In the context of investigating a claim, the simplest explanation of a pattern of data; best explanation that requires making the fewest exceptions or qualifications
Does regression establish causation?
no, not a foolproof way to rule out kinds of third variables
