Ch. 9 Flashcards
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What does glycolysis accomplish for the cell?
Generates ATP and pyruvate
What is the overall net reaction of glycolysis?
Generates 2 pyruvate and 2 ATP
What are the key enzymes in glycolysis?
- Hexokinase (glucose to glucose-6-P)
- Phosphofructokinase-1 (fructose-6-P to fructose-1,6-BP)
- Pyruvate kinase (phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to pyruvate and ATP)
What is metabolism?
The collective biochemical reactions in a living organism that converts chemical energy into work.
- Catabolic and anabolic pathways
What are aldoses?
Aldehyde containing sugars (11)
- Glucose
What are ketoses?
Ketone containing sugars(11)
- Fructose
What relation do D and L sugars have to each other?
They are enantiomers
- D is -OH on right and L is -OH on left
What is step 1 of glycolysis?
Hexokinase is used to phosphorylate (ATP -> ADP) Glucose which becomes Glucose-6-P
What is step 2 of glycolysis?
Phosphoglucoisomerase is used to transform Glucose-6-P to Fructose-6-P. The six member ring changes to a five member ring (8)
What is step 3 of glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase-1 is used to phosphorylate (ATP -> ADP) Fructose-6-P to Fructose-1,6-BP (9)
What is step 4 of glycolysis?
Aldolase is used to cleave Hexose into two trioses. The reaction uses Schiff base as an intermediate (10)
What is step 5 of glycolysis?
Triose phosphate isomerase makes Dihydroxyacetone-P into an enediol intermediate which can be turned to Glyceraldehyde-3-P (14)
What is step 6 of glycolysis?
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is used to generate NADH from NAD+ and Pi and turns Glyceraldehyde-3-p to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate (15)
What is step 7 of glycolysis?
Phosphoglycerate kinase is used to phosphorylate ADP -> ATP and turns 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate
What is step 8 in glycolysis?
Phosphoglycerate mutase causes a phosphoryl shift causing 3-Phosphoglycerate to become 2-Phosphoglycerate
What is step 9 in glycolysis?
Enolase dehydrates 2-Phosphoglycerate causing it to become Phosphoenolpyruvate
What is step 10 in glycolysis?
Pyruvate kinase turns Phosphoenolpyruvate into Pyruvate by phosphorylating ADP and turning it to ATP
What happens to pyruvate after it is synthesized?
Aerobic conditions:
- ATP produced via citrate cycle and ETC
Anaerobic conditions:
- Production of lactate
- Ethanol production
