Ch. 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, & 17 Flashcards
If you were giving an informative speech on the subject of troglodytes, you would probably include a_____ in your information.
Definition
You should usually work out the exact wording of the information after you have finished preparing the body of your speech
True
As your textbook explains, even when you use other interest arousing lures in a speech introduction, you should always
Relate the topic to the audience
Ending is a type of speech conclusion that generates emotional appeal by feeding step-by-step to a dramatic final statement
Dissolve
Identifies the main point to be discussed in the body of the speech
Preview statement
The conclusion should normally make up about 20 to 25% of your speech
False
Is the audience perception of whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic
Credibility
An excellent way to give your speech psychological unity is to conclude by
Referring to the introduction
When a speaker uses a _______ ending, this species builds in force until it reaches a zenith of power and intensity
Crescendo
When you advocate a highly unpopular position, it is particularly important to _______ in the introduction of your speech
Establish goodwill toward the audience
Ate a direct appeal to your audience for action is most appropriate in the conclusion of a______Speach
Persuasive
A_______is a question about the audience answers mentally rather than out loud
Rhetorical question
______Is the audience perception of whether the speaker has the best interest of the audience in mind
Goodwill
The _______ is usually the last element of a speech introduction and provides a smooth lead-in to the body of the speech
Preview statement
Even if the audience already knows your speech topic, you should usually restate it clearly and concisely at some point in the introduction
True
Language mirrors reality
False
Researchers have found that the human brain first thinks of ideas and then formulates words to discuss those ideas
False
The denotative meaning of a word is
It’s a literal meaning or dictionary definition
The________meaning of a word is what the word suggests or implies
Connotative
Inaccurate use of language can harm the speakers credibility
True
An excellent way to improve your credibility as a speaker is to use fancy, complicated words rather than familiar words
False
The more______a word, the more specific it will be
Concrete
The more_____a word, the more ambiguous it will be
Abstract
Which of the following is the most concrete and specific? Building, White House, shelter, house
White House
Which of the following is the most general and abstract? Speech, biology 100 lecture, communication, lecture
Communication
This steady flow of traffic sounded like the rush of a great river is an example of
Simile
Once given a push, the machine of justice rolls on by itself is an example of
Metaphor
Is repetition of initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words
Alliteration
Is the pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words
Rhythm
His ideas are as worthless as withered weeds is an example of
Simile and alliteration
Our mission is to serve justice, to right wrong, and to Protect democracy is an example of
Parallelism
United there is little we can do, divided there is little we cannot do is an example of
Antithesis
Language that is appropriate for some locations may not be appropriate for others
True
Using inconclusive language is an important part of being an audience-centered public speaker
True
For the sake of clarity, you should usually employ the generic, he, when speaking in public
False
Good delivery does not call attention to itself
True
Is based on a person’s use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words
Nonverbal communication
When accuracy is essential and a speech must be delivered word for word,______delivery is most appropriate
Manuscript
Speech is delivered with little or no immediate preparation
Impromptu
Speech is a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes
Extemporaneous
Is the lowness or highness of the speakers voice
Pitch
Are changes in the pitch or tone of the speakers voice
Inflections
Changes in a speakers rate, pitch, volume, and pauses are referred to as
Vocal Variety
Speakers who lack focal variety or so to speak in a
Monotone
Sloppy______is the failure to perform particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly
Articulation
Violating the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language is an error in
Pronunciation
Is a variety of the language distinguished by variations of I accent, grammar, or vocabulary
Dialect
In which of the following situations will the personal appearance of the speaker have an impact on the audience perception of the speaker? A police officer presenting an educational talk, a concerned citizen being interviewed on the news, a lawyer addressing a jury
All of the above
As your textbook explains, upon reaching the lectern to start a speech, you should
Make eye contact with your listeners
When you and your speech, you should? Maintain eye contact for a few moments after you stop talking, collecting notes and any visual aids you may have used, maintain a cool collected demeanor as you return to your seat
All of the above
The primary role of using gestures in a speech is to gesture frequently and emphatically so listeners notice what you are doing
False
One of the advantages of using the extemporaneous method of delivery is that it
Encourages conversational quality
Conversational quality refers to speech delivery that sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed
True
The best rate of effect of public speaking is 110 words per minute
False
As Mark twain noted, the right word may be effective, but no word was ever as effective as a rightly time
Pause
Research shows that speakers in the United States who fail to establish eye contact may be seen by listeners as insecure or even dishonest
True
When practicing your speech delivery, you should do all of the following except? Record the speech to see how you sound, include delivery queues on this speaking outline, try to learn your speech Word for Word, practice in front of your friends or family
Try to learn your speech word for word
Research has demonstrated that visual aids, when used well, can increase a speakers? Clarity, persuasiveness, credibility
All of the above
Using visual aids can help a speaker combat stage fright
True
What is the major factor to consider when deciding whether to use an object as a visual aid? It’s color its size, shape, it’s texture
Its size
Isn’t objects, usually built to scale, that represents another object in detail
Model
If you want to use a photograph as a visual aid for a speech, your textbook recommends that you. Show the photograph to the audience by using a multimedia program such as PowerPoint, pass the photographs among members of the audience so they can see clearly, find a copy of the photograph and over-sized book that you can show from the front of the room
Show the photograph to the audience by using a multimedia program such as PowerPoint
A pie chart should ideally have 2 to 5 segments
True
If you were delivering a speech about unemployment and wanted to show changes in the unemployment rate over the last decade, you should use a? Flat graph, circle graph, line graph
Line graph
It is crucial to fit all the information you want your audience to retain on a single chart
False
Is a visual aid that is drawn, written, or printed on a sheet of clear acetate and shown with an overhead projector
Transparency
When making a multimedia presentation, you should? Give yourself extra time for preparation and rehearsal, check the equipment ahead of time to make sure it is working properly, be prepared to give you speech even if all the equipment where to fail
All of the above
Sometimes you can use your own body as a visual aid
True
Using the chalkboard is usually an excellent way to present visual aids during a speech
False
Dolores is preparing visual aids for her speech about resources available to the Latino/Latina community and has decided to use a hand out. When should she distribute it? As the audience arrives for the speech, at the beginning of the speech, during the conclusion of the speech, after the speech
After the speech
When delivering a speech, you should display visual aids only while discussing them
True
One advantage of using video in a speech is that it involves less work than other kinds of visual aids
False
When preparing charts and graphs, you should use a large number of colors in order to grab your audience attention
False
Is a complete set of type of the same design
Font
When preparing a visual aid, you should use all caps because it is easier to read
False
Usually you should use only two fonts in a visual-aid-one for the title or major headings, another for subtitles or other text
True
Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking? A family therapist illustrating parenting skills, a professor explaining the elements of an Atom, a lawyer arguing for the acquittal of her client, an executive assistant clarifying copyright laws
A lawyer arguing for the acquittal of her client
Because persuasion aims to change the beliefs or actions of listeners, speaking to persuade is one of the few cases in which the speaker does not need to consider her or his ethical obligations
False
Audience is the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade
Target
Concentrating on the target audience means that a persuasive speaker can ignore the rest of the audience
False
To persuade my audience that eating yogurt prolongs human life is a specific purpose statement Firkus Alisa speech funny question of
Fact
A persuasive speech on a question of fact is essentially the same as an informative speech
False
To persuade my audience that discrimination on the basis of material status is unfair it is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of
Value
Persuasive speeches on questions of value are usually organized in
Topical order
Whenever you get a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to
Justify your value judgment against a set of standards of criteria
A question of_____, deals with whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken
Policy
To persuade my audience that Congress should revise the laws governing medical malpractice is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy
True
In a specific speech to gain ______, the speakers goal is to convince the audience about a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of that policy
Passive agreement
To persuade my audience to become regular blood donors is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech seeking passive agreement
False
What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? Fraudulent charity fund-raising has become a widespread problem, The problem can be solved by a combination of government initiative and individual awareness
Problem-solution order
Is a five-step method of speech organization that follows the process of human thinking and leads the listener step-by-step to a desired action
Monroe’s motivated sequence
Which of the following is the third step in Munro’s motivated sequence? Action, satisfaction, visualization, need
Satisfaction
In the visualization step of Monroe’s motivated sequence, the speaker
Visualizes the benefits of the speakers solution problem
Monroe’s motivated sequence is most useful for speeches that seek immediate action
True
When using Monroe’s Motivated sequence to organize a persuasive speech on a question of policy, the action step should be placed in the
Conclusion
What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? The problem of eating disorders affects more than 4 million Americans, the causes of the eating disorders include peer pressure, fad diets, and the medias glamorization of Thinness, an effective solution to eating disorders must address all three of these causes
Problem-cause-solution
Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. What are they?
Need, plan, practicality
Which of the following statements is most clearly directed at the need issue is a persuasive speech on a question of policy
Tanning beds can cause serious medical problems, including Eye Burns, blood vessel injuries, and skin cancer
Which of the following statements is most clearly directed at the practicality issue in a persuasive speech on a question of policy?
Because this solution has worked in other states where it has been adopted, we can be confident that it will work here
Is the audience perception of how believable a speaker is
Credibility
A speakers credibility is affected above all by how the audience regards the speaker
Competence and character
Is the name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility
Ethos
Strong evidence can. Enhance a speakers credibility, increase the persuasiveness of the speech,
All of the above
No matter what kind of evidence you employ, it will be more persuasive if you say it in specific rather than general terms
True
Evidence is more likely to be persuasive if it is more familiar to the audience
False
Pathos is the word Aristotle used to refer to a speakers logical appeal
False
What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? Over the past few years, there have been a number of cases of academic fraud in college basketball programs. We can conclude, therefore, that academic fraud is a widespread problem in men’s college basketball
Reasoning from specific instances
What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? I watched a Chinese film in class last week, and it was extremely violent. When I mentioned this to my friend, she said that she, too, had seen a violent Chinese film. Apparently all Chinese films are violent
Hasty generalization
Reasoning from principle involves moving from a specific principal to a general conclusion
False
What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? I usually eat spaghetti for dinner the day before an exam, but I ran out of spaghetti the night before the calculus final. That’s why I got a C
False cause
The fallacy of false cause is often known by its Latin name, Post hoc, ergo propter hoc, Meaning after this, therefore because of this
True
What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? Because of the crime-reduction policy I propose has worked successfully in New York, Houston, and New Orleans, we can be confident that it will work here as well
Analogical reasoning
According to your textbook, the most important question to ask when assessing analogical reasoning is whether
The two cases being compared are you essentially alike
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Either reinstall the metal detectors in the city schools or we just let the problem of school violence continue to grow
Either-or
The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we take my opponents proposed education bill seriously? After all, he flunked out of high school
Ad hominen
The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we be so concerned about ethics in political campaigns when there are serious problems in the long-term stability of Social Security?
A red herring
The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? As we have seen, the trend is for companies to reduce long-term research and development costs in order to increase short-term profits. Since so many companies are doing this, it must make good business sense.
Bandwagon
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of which type of fallacy? Once we accept money from soft-drink companies for exclusive rights to sell their products in our high schools, it won’t be long until businesses are deciding what courses should be taught and what teachers should be hired
Slippery slope
Emotional appeal is often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action
True
In persuasive speaking, it is usually appropriate to subtitle emotional appeals for evidence and reasoning.
False
Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to generate emotional appeal in a persuasive speech?
Let emotional appeal grow naturally out of the speech content.
Which of the following is an example of a speech for a special occasion?
A speech presenting an award to a retiring teacher
The purpose of a speech of introduction is to reveal the major points that will be made by the main speaker
False
When given a speech of introduction, you should
Make sure your remarks about the main speaker are completely accurate
Under normal circumstances, a speech of introduction should be no more then____minutes long
2-3
Because a speech of introduction focuses on the main speaker, there is little need to adapt to the audience
False
The name of the main speaker should usually be stated at the _______ of a speech of introduction
End
The main purpose of a speech of presentation is to
Present a gift or an award
When giving a speech of presentation, you should usually
Tell why the recipient is receiving the award, explain the purpose and criteria for the award, limit your remarks to four or five minutes.
Acceptable speed she gives thanks for a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition
True
The major traits of a good acceptance speech our brevity, humility, and
Graciousness
The purpose of a________speech is to pay tribute to a person, a group of people, an institution, or an idea
Commemorative
Which of the following is an example of a commemorative speech? A eulogy at a funeral praising the life and accomplishments of the deceased, an address to the site of the World Trade Center praising the people who lost their lives on September 11, 2001, a speech at a new elementary school praising the work of the woman for whom the school is named
All of the above
Of all the kinds of speeches, perhaps none Depends more on the creative and subtle use of language than does the commemorative speech.
True
The major purpose of an after-dinner speech is to
Entertain
After-dinner speeches can be given at any time of the day or evening
True
The supporting materials and then after-dinner speech should be chosen primarily for their
Entertainment value
Which of the following would be most appropriate as a specific purpose statement for an after-dinner speech? To entertain my audience by informing them how to set up a home aquarium, to entertain my audience by urging them to go against the upcoming school, to entertain the audience by describing my comical adventures while shopping for a car, to entertain my audience by praising this years winner of the Nobel Prize
To entertain my audience by describing my comical adventures while shopping for car
