Ch. 9-10 Vocab

Question 1

ATP

Answer 1

(adenosine triphosphate); compound used by cells to store and release energy

Question 2

photosynthesis

Answer 2

Process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches

Question 3

pigment

Answer 3

Light-absorbing molecule used by plants to gather the sun’s energy

Question 4

chlorophyll

Answer 4

Principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms

Question 5

light-dependent reactions

Answer 5

Set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH

Question 6

light-independent reactions

Answer 6

Set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar, also called the Calvin cycle

Question 7

Electron transport chain

Answer 7

Series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions

Question 8

stroma

Answer 8

Fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids

Question 9

thylakoid

Answer 9

Saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts

Question 10

calorie

Answer 10

Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

Question 11

cellular respiration

Answer 11

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Question 12

aerobic

Answer 12

Process that requires oxygen

Question 13

anaerobic

Answer 13

Process that does not require oxygen

Question 14

glycolysis

Answer 14

First set of reactions in cellular respiration in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid

Question 15

Krebs cycle

Answer 15

Second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions

Question 16

fermentation

Answer 16

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen