CH 8: Pathology

Question 1

cul-de-sac

Answer 1

rectourine pouch, aka pouch of douglas

Question 2

carcinoma of the cervic

Answer 2

malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer)

- human papillomavirus HPV (16, 18)

Question 3

PIN- prostate intraepithelial neoplasia

Answer 3

male`

Question 4

cervicitis

Answer 4

inflammation of the cervix

Question 5

carcinoma of the endometrium (endometrial cancer)

Answer 5

malignant tumor of the uterus (adenocarcinoma)

Question 6

endometriosis

Answer 6

abnormal location of uterus (outside of uterus)

- can have chocolate cysts because of blood

Question 7

fibroids

Answer 7

benign tumors in the uterus

• leiomyomata
• leiomyomas

Question 8

ovarian carcinoma

Answer 8

malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma)

Question 9

ovarian cysts

Answer 9

collections of fluid within a sac (cyst) in the ovary

- teratoma: monster tumor (dermoid cysts)

Question 10

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Answer 10

inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis
- leading cause are STDs

Question 11

breast cancer

Answer 11

malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts)

• lumpectomy (small primary tumors)
• sentinel node biopsy (SNB): to determine whether the tumor has spread to lymph nodes

Question 12

mastectomy

Answer 12

removal of breast

Question 13

fibrocystic disease

Answer 13

numerous small sacs of fibrous CT and fluid in the breast

Question 14

abruptio placentae

Answer 14

premature separation of the implanted placenta

• abrupt/ sudden
• ectopic pregnancy

Question 15

choriocarcinoma

Answer 15

malignant tumor of the placenta

Question 16

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 16

implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location

Question 17

multiple gestation

Answer 17

more than one fetus inside the uterus

Question 18

placenta previa

Answer 18

implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus

Question 19

preeclampsia

Answer 19

abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache
- HTN, visual flashing light

Question 20

Down syndrome

Answer 20

chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21) results in mental retardation, retarded growth, a flat face with a short nose, low set ears, and slanted eyes

Question 21

erythroblastosis fetalis

Answer 21

hemolytic disease in the newborn (HND) caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus.

Question 22

hyaline membrane disease

Answer 22

acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn

Question 23

hydrocephalus

Answer 23

accumulation of fluid int eh spaces of the brain

Question 24

meconium aspiration syndrome

Answer 24

abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stool) produced by a fetus or newborn

Question 25

pyloric stenosis

Answer 25

narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum

Question 26

Pap test

Answer 26

microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix

Question 27

pregnancy test

Answer 27

blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG

Question 28

hysterosalpingography (HSG)

Answer 28

x ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material

Question 29

mammography

Answer 29

x ray imaging of the breast

Question 30

breast ultrasound imaging and breast MRI

Answer 30

technologies using sound waves and magnetic waves to create imagines of breast tissue

Question 31

pelvic ultrasonography

Answer 31

recording images of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region

Question 32

aspiration

Answer 32

withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction

Question 33

cauterization

Answer 33

destruction of tissue by burning

Question 34

colposcopy

Answer 34

visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope

Question 35

conization

Answer 35

removal of a cone shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix

- LEEP (loopelectrocautery excision procedure)

Question 36

cryosurgery

Answer 36

use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue

Question 37

culdocentesis

Answer 37

needle aspirations of fluid from the cup-de-sac

Question 38

dilation (dilatation) and curettage (D&C)

Answer 38

widening the cervix and scraping off endometrial lining of the uterus

Question 39

extenteration

Answer 39

removal of internal organs within a cavity

- pelvic exenteration

Question 40

laparoscopy

Answer 40

visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope

Question 41

tubal ligation

Answer 41

blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occuring

Question 42

abortion (AB)

- POC: product of conception

Answer 42

spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus can exist on its own

Question 43

amniocentesis

Answer 43

needle puncture of amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis

Question 44

cesarean section

Answer 44

surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus

Question 45

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Answer 45

sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis

Question 46

fetal monitoring

Answer 46

continous recording of the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions to reduce fetal distress during labor

Question 47

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

Answer 47

egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization

Question 48

pelvimetry

Answer 48

measurement of the dimensions of the maternal pelvis