CH 8: neuro disorder Flashcards
GLOBAL APHASIA
NONFLUENT
POOR AUD COMP
POOR REP
BROCAS
NONFLUENT
GOOD AUD COMP
POOR REP
MIXED TRANSCORTICO
NONFLUENT
POOR AUD COMP
GOOD REP
TRANSCORTICO MOTOR
NONFLUENT
GOOD AUD COMP
GOOD REP
WERNICKES
fluent
poor aud comp
poor rep
TRANSCORTICO SENSORY
fluent
poor aud comp
good rep
CONDUCTIVE
fluent
good aud comp
poor rep
ANOMIC
fluent
good aud comp
good rep
R hemisphere brain damage
related mostly to perceptual and attentional deficits
Tx of aphasia concerned with
verbal expression
aud comp
reading, writing, nonverbal modes of communication
ischemic strokes
caused by blocked or interrupted blood supply to brain
thrombosis or embolism
thrombus
collection of blood material that blocks the flow of blood
hermorrhagic strokes
bleeding in brain due to ruptured blood vessels.
more than X % of stroke survivors have aphasia
50%
% of strokes are ischemic
87%
nonfluent aphasias (GMBTm)
limited agrammatic effortful halting slow speech
impaired prosody
Broca’s supplied by
posterior inferior frontal gyrus of left hemisphere
supplied by upper MCA
Transcortico motor TMA impacted areas
nonfluent
anterior cerebral artery and anterior branch of MCA
TMA patients have seriously impaired
writing skills are seriously impaired in these pts
distinguishing feat in TMA patients
intact rep. skills can repeat long complex sentences without errors
Mixed transcortico MTA lesions located in X
nonfluent
lesions in watershed regions
distinguish feat. of Mixed transcortico
severe echolalia- parrotlike of what is heard
and mostly UNimpaired auto. speech like numbers
global- lesions in X areas
MOST SEVERE NONFLUENT APHASIA
lesions in all lagnuage areas- perisylvian
FLUENT APHASIAS (WTsCA)
intact fluency and meaningless speech
speech is relatively easily initiated and well articulated in these aphasias
in fluent aphasia (WTsCA)
Wernickes
poor aud comp and very bad with background noise
impaired repetition skills
paresis paralysis uncommon with W aphasia
Transcorticosensory TSA
fluent
affected region supplied by posterior branches of left MCA
good rep. bad comp of repeated words
IMPAIRED REPETITION
Conduction lesions located in X
fluent
RARE FORM
lesions in supramarginal gyrus in inf. parietal lobe and arcuate fasciculus
good comprehension for routine conversation
conduction aphasia
anomic aphasia is a X
syndrome
persons with anomic aphasia most difficulty with
wordfinding - but can point to named objects
all language unimpaired except naming!!!
aphasia usually due to X damage
cortical damage usually causes this
subcortical aphasia is caused by lesions in the X and X
basal ganglia and surrounding structures
X bilingual individuals have aphasia in given year
150, 000
X bilingual individuals with aphasia recover both languages
most- 65%
main aphasia assessment goals
1) yes/ no aphasia
2) type of aphasia
3) any coexisting disorder?
bedside exam for initial impression
personal questions
requests nonverbal responses (point to )
reading writing sample
ask orientation questions
assess
repetition, naming skills, sentence production, speech fluency, functional communication skills, aud. comp, comp. of single words, comp of sentences, assess reading writing gestures automated speechh
“what is this?” example of
confrontation naming
“
” what color is snow?”
example of responsive naming task- context cue given
main tx goal for aphasia: social approach
natural interaction, conversation, functional comm, enhancement of life participation
alexia
loss of previously acquired reading skills due to brain damage
agraphia
impairment or lsos of writing skills
agnosia
impaired understanding of the meaning of certain stimuli- they can see, feel, hear stim but not understand meaning.
disorder of recognition!*
apraxia
neurogenic speech sound disorder
more common with apraxia than distortions and omissions
substitutions more common- voiceless for voiced ( pet for bet)
apraxia - difficulty with X and X
consonants and affricates fricatives cons. clusters
most effective tx for apraxia
behavioral tx- speech movements
tx targets
artic accuracy
slower rate
gradual increase in rate
normal prosody
SPT- sound production tx
emphasis on articulating sounds with minimal contrast
shock sock
conical comical
dysarthria is a X based disorder
neurologically motor speech due to PNS or CNS damage
7 types of dysarthria
ataxic flaccid hyper/ hypo spastic mixed unilateral UMN
abnormal strength, speed, range, tone, accuracy of movement in speech production
dysarthrias
automatic simple production to less automatic more spontaneous production = AOS TX
AOS TX moves from X to X
Ataxic dysarthria damage in
cerebellar system damage- artic and prosody issues
muscular incoord and irregular movements
impression of drunken speech in X dysarthria
ataxic dysarthria
flaccid dysarthria
damage to peripheral nervous system and lower motor neuron involvement
respiratory weakness characteristic in flaccid dysarthria
reduced subglottic P and weak inhalation
hyperkinetic dysarthria results from damage X
damage to basal ganglia
hyperkinetic dysarthria assoc w/ X and X
1) variable muscle tone
2) involuntary movements interfere with speech production PROSODIC MOST APPARENT
chorea is
purposeless random invol movements of body parts
assoc with hyperkinetic dysarthria (damage to basal ganglia)
hypokinetic dysarthria damage
basal ganglia
hypokinetic: MOST IMPACTED
voice
artic
prosody
