Ch. 8 Muscle List With Actions Flashcards
Frontalis
Elevates eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Insertion - skin of eyebrow
Origin - Occipital bone
Orbicularis Oculi
Closes eye for blinking
Insertion - Maxilla and Frontal bone
Origin - Maxilla and Frontal bone (encircles eye)
Orbicularis Oris
Closes mouth, shapes lips
Insertion - Lips
Origin - Maxilla and Mandible
Buccinator
Sucking, swallowing, keeps food near teeth while chewing.
Insertion - Orbicularis Oris at corner of mouth
Origin - Maxilla and Mandible
Zygomaticus
Elevates corners of mouth for smiling
Insertion - angle of mouth and upper lip
Origin - zygomatic
Masseter
Elevates Mandible for chewing
Insertion - Mandible
Origin - Zygomatic arch
Temporalis
Elevates Mandible for chewing
Insertion - Mandible
Origin - Temporal region of skull
Sternocleidomastoid
Rotates and flexes neck
Insertion - Mastoid Process
Origin - Sternum and Clavicle
Trapezius
Extends neck; elevates, depresses and adducts scapula
Insertion - scapula
Origin - Skull and upper vertebrae
External Intercostal
Elevates rib cage during inspiration
Internal Intercostal
Depresses rib cage during forced expiration
Diaphragm
Respiration, expands thoracic cavity during inspiration
External Oblique
Lateral flexion and rotation of trunk
Insertion - Midline of Abdomen
Origin - lower Thoracic cage
Rectus Abdominis
Flexion and rotation of trunk
Insertion - lower rib cage
Origin - Pubis
Serratus Anterior
Protracts Scapula for pushing
Deltoid
Abducts the arm
Insertion - Humous
Origin - Clavicle and Scapula
Pectoralis Major
Flexes and adducts the arm
Insertion - Humerus
Origin - sternum, Clavicle, and upper rib cartilages
Latissimus Dorsi
Extends and adducts the arm
Insertion - Humerus
Origin - Vertebrae and Ilium
Biceps Brachii
Flexes Forearm
Insertion - Radium
Origin - Scapula
Triceps Brachii
Extends Forearm
Insertion - Ulna
Origin - Scapula and Humerus
Flexor Carpi (group)
Flexor Digitorum (group)
Flexes Hand and wrist
Flexes fingers
Extensor Carpi
Extensor Digitorum
Extends the hand and wrist
Extends the fingers
Gluteus Maximus
Extends thigh
Insertion - Femur
Origin - Ilium, Sacrum, Coccyx
Gracilis
Adducts thigh
Insertion - Tibia
Origin - pubis
Adductor Longus
Adducts thigh
Insertion - Femur
Origin - Pubis
Pectineus
Adducts thigh
Insertion - Femur
Origin - Pubis
Rectus Femoris
Extends leg, flexes thigh
Insertion - Tibia
Origin - Ilium
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Extends leg
Insertion - Tibia
Origin - Femur
Biceps Femoris
Extends thigh, Flexes leg
Insertion - Fibula
Origin - Ischium and Femur
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Extends thigh, flexes leg
Insertion - Tibia
Origin - Ischium
Gastrocnemius
Plantar flexes foot
Insertion - Calcaneus
Origin - Femur
Tibialis Anterior
Dorsiflexes foot
Insertion - Metatarsals
Origin - Tibia
Inversion
Eversion
Inversion : Ankle out, sole of foot in
Eversion : Ankle in, sole of foot out
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion: Flex foot up
Plantar Flexion: Flex foot down (point toe)
Supination
Pronation
Supination: palms up
Pronation: palms down
Rotation
Circumduction
Rotation: rotate left or right
Circumduction: move arm or leg in circle making cone
Abduction
Adduction
Abduction: moving a part away from the midline of the body (abducting)
Adduction: moving a part toward the midline of the body (adding)
Flexion
Extension
Flexion: Decreasing an angle
Extension: Increasing an angle
Three kinds of Joints
Synarthroses - no movement (sutures)
Amphiarthroses - slight movement (carpals)
Diarthroses - free movement (elbow)
Types of Diarthrotic joints (6)
Hinge Joint (elbow)
Saddle Joint (carpometacarpal joint of thumb)
Ball-and-socket (shoulder or hip joint)
Pivot Joint (Dens of axis against atlas)
Condyloid Joint (atlantooccipital joint)
Gliding Joint (articular processes between vertebrae)
Endochondral Ossification
The process of bone material forming in cartilage
Parts of long bone
Epiphyses - end of bone
Diaphyses - shaft of bone
Epiphyseal plate (line) - growth plates on each end between epiphyses and diaphyses
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts - cells that build up the bone, when walled in they become Osteocytes but will reactivate when needed.
Osteoclasts - cells that break down the bone
