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Chapter 8: Cardiovascular system > ch 8 med terms def format > Flashcards

ch 8 med terms def format Flashcards

1
Q

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

A

aneurysm

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2
Q

condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop

A

arrest

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3
Q

loss of effective cardiac function, which results in cessation of circulation

A

cardiac arrest

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4
Q

cessation of the circulation of blood due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation

A

circulatory arrest

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5
Q

inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm, possibly including a rapid or slow beator “skipping” a beat; also called dysrhythmia

A

arrhythmia

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6
Q

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called murmur

A

bruit

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7
Q

any disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

A

cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure

A

catheter

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9
Q

narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

A

coarctation

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10
Q

blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs

A

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

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11
Q

calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction

A

ejection fraction (EF)

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12
Q

failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs

A

heart failure (HF)

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13
Q

mass of undissolved matter circulating in blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel

A

embolus

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14
Q

quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions

A

fibrillation

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15
Q

arrest of bleeding or circulation

A

hemostasis

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16
Q

excessive amounts of lipids(cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood

A

hyperlipidemia

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17
Q

common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140 mmHg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic

A

hypertension (HTN)

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18
Q

HTN in which there is no identifiable cause; also called essential hypertension

A

primary hypertension

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19
Q

HTN that results from an underlying, identifiable, commonly correctable cause

A

secondary hypertension

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20
Q

any heart disorder caused by prolonged hypertension, including left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure

A

hypertensive heart disease

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21
Q

implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart

A

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

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22
Q

area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply

A

infarct

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23
Q

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction

A

ischemia

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24
Q

common and occasionally serious condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation

A

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

25
Q

chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow a substance through the body or a structure

A

radioisotope

26
Q

sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including “thumping”, “fluttering”, skipped beats,” or a pounding feeling in the chest

A

palpitation

27
Q

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood flow from the aorta into the pulmonary artery

A

patent ductus arteriosus

28
Q

circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ

A

perfusion

29
Q

congenital anomaly consisting of four elements: pulmonary artery stenosis; interventricular septal defect; transposition of the aorta, so that both ventricles empty into the aorta; right ventricular hypertrophy caused by increased workload of the right ventricle

A

tetralogy of Fallot

30
Q

slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries

A

stent

31
Q

blood clot that obstructs a vessel

A

thrombus

32
Q

passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart

A

cardiac catheterization (CC)

33
Q

graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs

A

electrocardiogram (ECG,EKG)

34
Q

chest pain

A

angina

35
Q

inability of a valve to close completely

A

incompetent

36
Q

small masses of inflammatory material found on the leaflets of valves

A

vegetations

37
Q

varicose veins of the esophagus

A

varices

38
Q

profuse sweating

A

diaphoresis

39
Q

24-hour ECG tracing taken with a small, portable recording system

A

Holter monitor test

40
Q

noninvasive ultrasound diagnostic test used to visualize internal cardiac structures

A

echocardiography

41
Q

radiological examination of the blood vessels of and around the heart

A

coronary angiography

42
Q

agents used to treat angina

A

nitrates

43
Q

drugs that have powerful lipid-lowering properties

A

statins

44
Q

drug used for management of edema associated with heart failure and hypertension

A

diuretics

45
Q

include troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase

A

cardiac enzyme studies

46
Q

injection and detection of radioactive isotopes to create images and identity function and disease

A

scintigraphy

47
Q

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions

A

stress test

48
Q

tying of a varicose vein and subsequent removal

A

ligation and stripping

49
Q

surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve

A

commissurotomy

50
Q

removal of a small segment of an artery for diagnostic purposes

A

arterial biopsy

51
Q

destruction of conductive tissue of the heart to interrupt abnormal contractions

A

catheter ablation

52
Q

technique used to block flow to a site by injecting an occluding agent

A

embolization

53
Q

procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation

A

angioplasty

54
Q

dilation of an occluded vessel usion a balloon catheter

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

55
Q

surgery that creates a bypass around a blocked segment of a coronary artery

A

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

56
Q

removal of occluding material using a cutting or grinding device

A

atherectomy

57
Q

incision or puncture of a vein to remove blood or introduce fluids

A

venipuncture

58
Q

destruction of a blood clot

A

thrombolysis

Chapter 8: Cardiovascular system (2 decks)

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