ch 8 med terms def format

Question 1

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

Answer 1

aneurysm

Question 2

condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop

Answer 2

arrest

Question 3

loss of effective cardiac function, which results in cessation of circulation

Answer 3

cardiac arrest

Question 4

cessation of the circulation of blood due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation

Answer 4

circulatory arrest

Question 5

inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm, possibly including a rapid or slow beator “skipping” a beat; also called dysrhythmia

Answer 5

arrhythmia

Question 6

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called murmur

Answer 6

bruit

Question 7

any disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

Answer 7

cardiomyopathy

Question 8

thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure

Answer 8

catheter

Question 9

narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

Answer 9

coarctation

Question 10

blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs

Answer 10

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Question 11

calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction

Answer 11

ejection fraction (EF)

Question 12

failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs

Answer 12

heart failure (HF)

Question 13

mass of undissolved matter circulating in blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel

Answer 13

embolus

Question 14

quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions

Answer 14

fibrillation

Question 15

arrest of bleeding or circulation

Answer 15

hemostasis

Question 16

excessive amounts of lipids(cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood

Answer 16

hyperlipidemia

Question 17

common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140 mmHg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic

Answer 17

hypertension (HTN)

Question 18

HTN in which there is no identifiable cause; also called essential hypertension

Answer 18

primary hypertension

Question 19

HTN that results from an underlying, identifiable, commonly correctable cause

Answer 19

secondary hypertension

Question 20

any heart disorder caused by prolonged hypertension, including left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure

Answer 20

hypertensive heart disease

Question 21

implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart

Answer 21

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

Question 22

area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply

Answer 22

infarct

Question 23

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction

Answer 23

ischemia

Question 24

common and occasionally serious condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation

Answer 24

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Question 25

chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow a substance through the body or a structure

Answer 25

radioisotope

Question 26

sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including "thumping", "fluttering", skipped beats," or a pounding feeling in the chest

Answer 26

palpitation

Question 27

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood flow from the aorta into the pulmonary artery

Answer 27

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 28

circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ

Answer 28

perfusion

Question 29

congenital anomaly consisting of four elements: pulmonary artery stenosis; interventricular septal defect; transposition of the aorta, so that both ventricles empty into the aorta; right ventricular hypertrophy caused by increased workload of the right ventricle

Answer 29

tetralogy of Fallot

Question 30

slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries

Answer 30

stent

Question 31

blood clot that obstructs a vessel

Answer 31

thrombus

Question 32

passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart

Answer 32

cardiac catheterization (CC)

Question 33

graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs

Answer 33

electrocardiogram (ECG,EKG)

Question 34

chest pain

Answer 34

angina

Question 35

inability of a valve to close completely

Answer 35

incompetent

Question 36

small masses of inflammatory material found on the leaflets of valves

Answer 36

vegetations

Question 37

varicose veins of the esophagus

Answer 37

varices

Question 38

profuse sweating

Answer 38

diaphoresis

Question 39

24-hour ECG tracing taken with a small, portable recording system

Answer 39

Holter monitor test

Question 40

noninvasive ultrasound diagnostic test used to visualize internal cardiac structures

Answer 40

echocardiography

Question 41

radiological examination of the blood vessels of and around the heart

Answer 41

coronary angiography

Question 42

agents used to treat angina

Answer 42

nitrates

Question 43

drugs that have powerful lipid-lowering properties

Answer 43

statins

Question 44

drug used for management of edema associated with heart failure and hypertension

Answer 44

diuretics

Question 45

include troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase

Answer 45

cardiac enzyme studies

Question 46

injection and detection of radioactive isotopes to create images and identity function and disease

Answer 46

scintigraphy

Question 47

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions

Answer 47

stress test

Question 48

tying of a varicose vein and subsequent removal

Answer 48

ligation and stripping

Question 49

surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve

Answer 49

commissurotomy

Question 50

removal of a small segment of an artery for diagnostic purposes

Answer 50

arterial biopsy

Question 51

destruction of conductive tissue of the heart to interrupt abnormal contractions

Answer 51

catheter ablation

Question 52

technique used to block flow to a site by injecting an occluding agent

Answer 52

embolization

Question 53

procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation

Answer 53

angioplasty

Question 54

dilation of an occluded vessel usion a balloon catheter

Answer 54

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Question 55

surgery that creates a bypass around a blocked segment of a coronary artery

Answer 55

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Question 56

removal of occluding material using a cutting or grinding device

Answer 56

atherectomy

Question 57

incision or puncture of a vein to remove blood or introduce fluids

Answer 57

venipuncture

Question 58

destruction of a blood clot

Answer 58

thrombolysis