Ch. 8: Infections Flashcards
How can HIV be transmitted to the infant from the mother?
Perinatally through the placenta and postnatally through the breast milk
T/F: Early identification and treatment significantly decreases the incidence of perinatal transmission
True
How is confirmation of positive HIV results confirmed?
Western blot test or immunofluorescence assay
What lab test is done for a client in labor who may have HIV?
Rapid HIV antibody tetst ( blood or urine sample)
What precautions are used for HIV patients?
Standard precautions
Nursing care: Review plan for scheduled c-section birth at 38 weeks for maternal viral load of more than ______
1000 copies/mL
Should we bathe the infant after birth before remaining with the mother?
Yes
What is a med we give for HIV?
Retrovir (Zidovudine)
When do we give Retrovir (zidovudine)?
Administer 14 weeks of gestation, throughout pregnancy, and before the onset of labor or c-section birth
Should the infant get retrovir following delivery?
Yes, infant gets it at delivery and for 6 weeks following birth
Is it ok if mom with HIV breastfeeds? What else is contraindicated to HIV+ moms during and after labor?
Do not breastfeed!!
Amniocentesis Episiotomy Internal fetal monitors Vacuum extraction Forceps during labor
*all due to increased risk of maternal blood exposure
TORCH is an acronym for a group of infections that can negatively affect a woman who is pregnant. These infections can cross the placenta and have teratogenic affects on the fetus. What are the TORCH infections?
Toxoplasmosis Other (Hep A, Hep B, syphilis, mumps, parovirus, varicella) Rubella Cytomegalovirus HSV
What TORCH infection is this:
Caused by consumption of raw or undercooked meat or handling cat feces
Toxoplasmosis
What are symptoms of toxoplasmosis?
Similar to flu or lymphadenopathy
What TORCH infection: Contracted through children who have rashes or neonates who are born to mothers who had rubella during pregnancy
Rubella (german measles)
What TORCH infection: Transmitted by droplet infection from person to person, a virus found in semen, cervical and vaginal secretions, breast milk, placental tissue, urine fees, and blood. Latent virus may be reactivated and cause disease to the fetus in utero or during passage through the birth canal
Cytomegalovirus
What TORCH infection: Spread by direct contact with oral or genital lesions; transmission to fetus is greatest during vaginal birth if woman has active lesions
HSV
What symptoms would be associated if mom has rubella?
Joint and muscle pain
How does cytomegalovirus present?
Asymptomatic or mononucleosis-like manifestations
What are manifestations of toxoplasmosis?
Fever and tender lymph nodes
What are manifestations of rubella?
Rash, mild lymphedema, fever, and fetal consequences (miscarriage, congenital anomalies, death)
How does HSV present?
Initially with lesions and tender lymph nodes
Fetal consequences include miscarriage, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction