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FIA 2 > Ch. 8 Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae > Flashcards

Ch. 8 Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae Flashcards

1
Q

Ideal AP axial C-spine should include:

A
  • CR centered at C4
  • Mandibular angles and mastoid tips equidistant from spine
  • Open intervertebral disk spaces
  • 2nd through 7th cervical vertebrae and soft tissue surrounding
  • 0.5” past the soft tissue line of the neck
  • Spinous processes aligned center to the vertebrae at the level of its inferior intervertebral disk space
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2
Q

CR angled to cephalic on AP axial C-spine:

A
  • Closes the intervertebral disk space

- Places the spinous process within the inferior adjoining vertebral body

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3
Q

CR angled to caudally on an AP axial C-spine:

A
  • Closed intervertebral disk space

- Spinous processes within its vertebral body

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4
Q

Ideal image for AP open mouth (atlas/axis):

A
  • Equal lateral masses on either side of the atlas
  • Dens centered to the image
  • Spinous process of the axis aligned to the middle of the atlas
  • No superimposition by the upper incisors or occipital bone
  • 5x5” collimation size
  • Atlantoaxial joint space open
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5
Q

How will the dens move when there is rotation on the AP open mouth projection?

A

The dens will move AWAY from the side of rotation.

-Ex: If the patient is rotated to the right, the dens will move to the left.

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6
Q

What will happen if the patient is tilted too far back on AP open mouth projection?

A

The occipital bone will overlap the dens.

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7
Q

What will happen if the patient is tilted too far forward on the AP open mouth projection?

A

The upper incisors will overlap the dens.

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8
Q

Ideal image for a lateral c-spine:

A
  • C4 centered to exposure field
  • Posterior arch of C1 and spinous processes in profile
  • C1 and C2 are shown without mandibular overlap
  • Overlapped z-joints
  • Open intervertebral disk spaces
  • Light field 0.75” above EAM
  • Sella turcica, clivus, 1-7th vertebrae, aligned vertebral column to the long axis of the IR
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9
Q

What will happen if the patient is rotated on a lateral projection of c-spine?

A

The z-joints will not be superimposed (will be able to see 2 visible joints)

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10
Q

What happens if the patients head it tilted toward the IR on a lateral c-spine?

A

The vertebral foramen will open

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11
Q

What happens if the patients head is tilted away from the IR on a lateral C-spine?

A

The vertebral foramen will not open but you will see not superimposed cranial cortices

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12
Q

Ideal image for PA and AP oblique c-spine:

A
  • C4 centered to the exposure field
  • Second though 7th intervertebral foramina shown open
  • Intervertebral disc spaces shown open
  • Cervical bodies uniform in shape
  • 0.5” beyond skin line
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13
Q

What happens when the patient is over-rotated on an oblique c-spine?

A

You will begin to visualize the z-joints

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14
Q

What happens when the patient is under-rotated on an oblique c-spine?

A

The vertebral bodies will look expanded, you will not see z-joints

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15
Q

Ideal AP thoracic spine:

A
  • T7 at center of field
  • C7-L1
  • Spine aligned with long axis of IR
  • Transverse collimation to ~8”
  • Longitudinal collimation left open to 17”
  • No more than 9 posterior ribs above diaphragm
  • Open intervertebral disc spaces
  • Spinous processes aligned midline to the body
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16
Q

What happens when there is rotation on an AP t-spine?

A

The side closest to the IR in AP position will sow the most space between the lateral border of the vertebrae and the spinous process.

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17
Q

What happens if an AP t-spine is taken on full inspiration?

A

More than 9 posterior ribs are visualized above the diaphragm and it will show by poor exposure settings.

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18
Q

Ideal image for a lateral t-spine:

A
  • T7 centered
  • C7-L1
  • Transverse collimation to ~8”
  • Longitudinal collimation open to 17”
  • No more than 0.5” of posterior rib overlap
  • Open intervertebral disc spaces
  • Pedicles displayed in profile
19
Q

What happens when there is rotation on a lateral t-spine?

A

There will be more than 0.5” between the posterior margins of the ribs.

20
Q

Ideal AP lumbar spine:

A
  • L3
  • T12-Sacrum
  • Spine aligned with long axis of IR
  • Transverse collimation to 8”
  • Longitudinal collimation to 14”
  • Open intervertebral disc spaces
  • Sacrum and coccyx aligned within the pelvic inlet
  • Spinous processes aligned midline to the body
21
Q

What happens when there is rotation on an AP lumbar spine?

A

The side closest to the IR in AP position will show the most space between the lateral border of the vertebrae and the spinous process.

22
Q

What will happen if the patients leg is not flex (bent up) on an AP lumbar spine?

A

The intervertebral disc spaces will be closed.

23
Q

Ideal AP oblique lumbar spine?

A
  • L3
  • T12-Sacrum
  • Transverse collimation 8”
  • Longitudinal collimation 14”
  • Z-joints are demonstrated
  • Superior and inferior articular processes in profile
  • Pedicles seen halfway between the midpoint of the vertebral body and the lateral border of the vertebral bodies
24
Q

What happens when there is over-rotation on an AP oblique lumbar spine?

A

The pedicle will be situated more centered on the vertebral body.

25
Q

What happens when there is under-rotation on an AP oblique lumbar spine?

A

The pedicle will be situated more to the lateral border of the vertebral body

26
Q

Ideal lateral lumbar spine:

A
  • L4
  • T12-Sacrum
  • Transverse collimation to 8”
  • Longitudinal collimation to 14”
  • Intervertebral foramina are demonstrated in profile
  • Open intervertebral disc spaces
  • Superimposition of right and left pedicles
27
Q

What happens when there is rotation on a lateral lumbar spine?

A

The posterior portion of the lumbar vertebrae are not superimposed.

28
Q

What happens when there is tilt on a lateral lumbar spine?

A

The anterior and posterior portions of the vertebrae are not superimposed.

29
Q

Ideal L5-S1 “Spot shot”:

A
  • L5-S1 joint space
  • L5-S2 included within the collimated field
  • Collimate 1” above the iliac crest
  • Transversely collimate to 8”
  • Pelvic ala are superimposed
  • Greater sciatic notches nearly superimposed
30
Q

What happens when there is rotation on the spot shot?

A

The ala and sciatic notches not superimposed for anterior to posterior margins

31
Q

What happens when there is tilt on the spot shot?

A

The ala and sciatic notches are not superimposed for superior and posterior margins

32
Q

Ideal AP axial sacrum:

A
  • 3rd sacral segment centered to IR
  • L5-1st segment of coccyx
  • Transverse collimation to 8”
  • Longitudinal collimation to the pubic symphysis
  • Ischial spine equal on either side and aligned to pelvic brim
  • Pubic symphysis not overlapping any portion of the sacrum
  • Sacral foramina demonstrate equal spacing
33
Q

What happens with rotation on AP axial sacrum?

A

The sacrum will shift the opposite way from the side down.

34
Q

What will happen when CR is too caudal on AP axial sacrum?

A

The 5th sacral segment situated well above the pubic symphysis

35
Q

What will happen when CR is too cephalic on AP axial sacrum?

A

The 5th sacral segment overlapping pubic symphysis

36
Q

Ideal lateral sacrum:

A
  • Intervertebral disc spaces open
  • L5-1st segment of coccyx
  • Pelvic ala nearly superimposed
  • Femoral heads aligned
37
Q

What happens with rotation on a lateral sacrum?

A

Not superimposed sciatic notches, femoral heads

38
Q

Ideal AP axial coccyx:

A
  • 3rd coccygeal segment at center
  • Coccyx aligned with pubic symphysis
  • Transverse collimation to 6”
  • Longitudinal collimation to pubic symphysis
  • No evidence of feces or gas over coccyx
39
Q

Rotation on an AP axial coccyx:

A

Coccyx will shift opposite away from side down.

40
Q

What happens when CR is too caudal on AP axial coccyx?

A

Coccyx will be situated well below pubic symphysis

41
Q

What happens when CR is too cephalic on AP axial coccyx?

A

Coccyx segment well above the pubic symphysis

42
Q

Ideal lateral coccyx:

A
  • Longitudinally collimate to 4”
  • L5-1st segment of coccyx
  • Pelvic ala nearly superimposed
  • Femoral heads aligned
43
Q

What happens when lateral coccyx is rotated?

A

Not superimposed sciatic notches and femoral heads

FIA 2 (3 decks)

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