ch 8 acids and bases

Question 1

distinguish the difference between Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis theories about acids and bases.

Answer 1

Arrhenius: acids dissolve in water to give H+ ; bases dissolve in water to give OH-
Brønsted-Lowry: acids are proton donors; bases are proton acceptors
Lewis: acids are electron pair acceptors; bases are electron pair donors

Question 2

what is the ionic product of water?

Answer 2

Kw = [H+] [OH-] = 10^-14

Question 3

list properties of metal bases for 4 types of metals

Answer 3

group 1 ALL soluble
group 2 slightly soluble, basicity increases DTG
group 3 ALL insoluble
TM ALL insoluble

Question 4

list the 4 common strong bases

Answer 4

NaOH
KOH
Sr(OH)2
Ba(OH)2

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Question 5

compare and contrast strong and weak acids (4 differences and 1 similarity)

Answer 5

differences
1. rate of reaction; strong > weak
2. electrical conductivity; strong > weak
3. pH value; strong < weak
4. ∆H(neutralization) for SA is more negative than WA

similarity
1. require the same moles of a base to react completely, given same concentration of SA and WA