Ch. 8 Flashcards
In a study with a (3 x 4 x 5) factorial design:
- How many independent variables are there?
- How many levels do each independent variable have?
- How many conditions are within the study?
The study has:
- 3 independent variables.
- The first independent variable has 3 levels; the second has 4 levels; the third has 5 levels.
- The study has a total of 60 conditions.
What is one difference between factorial designs and other previously learned designs?
Factorial designs have 2 or more independent variables; while other designs previously learned have 1 independent variable (single-factor designs).
How many main effects can a study have?
The amount of independent variables in a study lets us know how many main effects are possible within the study (if there are 2 independent variables, then there are 2 possible main effects).
What is the main advantage that factorial designs have over other single-factor designs?
In a factorial design, interactions can occur, whereas in single-factor studies they cannot.
What relationship takes precedence over other relationships within a factorial study?
The interaction effect relationship takes precedence.
What does a simple effect analysis allow us to do?
Simple effect analysis’ allow us to analyze significant interactions, as well as examine the effects of each independent variable at each level of the other independent variable.
What is a main effect?
A main effect is defined as the overall influence of an independent variable in a factorial study.
For between-subjects factorial designs, what are some methods that can be used?
These designs can include independent groups, matched groups, or ex post facto designs.
What are the contents of “person x environment (P x E) interactions”?
A factorial design with at least one subject variable and at least one manipulated variable.
What do P x E interactions show us?
They show us how stimulus situations affect one type of person one way and a second type of person another way.
In PxE interactions, what does a main effect for the P factor indicate?
It indicates important differences between types of individuals that exist in several environments.
In PxE interactions, what does the main effect of the E factor indicate?
It indicates important environmental influences that exist for several types of persons.
What are ATI’s?
ATI’s are also referred to as Aptitude-Treatment interactions, and are the persons-environment interactions seen in educational research.
