Ch. 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the “Race to Zero” campaign?

A

the intention of mobilizing “real economy” actors, including regions, cities, businesses, and financial institutions, to commit to reducing their carbon emissions to net zero by 2050

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2
Q

What is production-based accounting of emissions?

A

a country’s emissions are those which directly arise within its geographic boundaries

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3
Q

What is consumption-based accounting of emissions?

A

the cumulative emissions that arise from the production of all goods and services consumed in that country, regardless of where this production took place

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4
Q

What is the dominant standard for attributing emissions at the country level?

A

Production-based accounting

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5
Q

What are two different greenhouse gas reporting standards for cities and regions?

A

BASIC and BASIC+

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5
Q

What do the BASIC level emissions inventories cover?

A

scope 1 and 2 emissions from stationary energy and transport, as well as scope 1 and 3 emissions from waste

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5
Q

What do the BASIC+ level emissions inventories cover?

A

all in BASIC, as well as sources such as scope 3 emissions from transboundary transport and scope 1 emissions from agriculture, forestry, and land use

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6
Q

What are transition plans?

A

important tools with which private-sector actors can operationalize climate action and allow others to verify the credibility of their commitments

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7
Q

What is carbon leakage?

A

displacing rather than avoiding emissions

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8
Q

What is carbon permanence?

A

long-term storage of carbon

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9
Q

What risks should be considered in a transition plan?

A

policy and legal, technology, market, and reputation risk

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10
Q

What is the Credibility Gap?

A

many governments are currently failing to keep pace with their 2030 interim emissions targets. This undermines the credibility of governments and lessens our chance of staying within the 1.5° or 2°C pathways

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11
Q

How are portfolio alignment tools used?

A

to assess whether a company is on a net zero path by 2050, or whether it is ahead or behind a benchmark schedule

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12
Q

What is materiality?

A

a concept coming from financial disclosure, which encourages corporations to report on all activities, opportunities and risks which could be material to the company’s value, turn-over, income, or other key performance indicators

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13
Q

What is double materiality?

A

materiality plus the notion that companies must also disclose activities which could be material to society and the environment.

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14
Q

Which financing activity poses a great threat to stabilizing or preventing further emissions?

A

Sourcing raw materials from local suppliers

15
Q

What is needed to provide a meaningful framework to achieve net-zero targets?

A

Understanding economic opportunities that arise through the net-zero transition

16
Q

What approach is outlined by the Science-Based Targets initiative as science-based ways for financial institutions to develop a decarbonization target?

A

Defining targets to reduce the physical intensity of investments and loans in a set of emissions-intensive sectors