Ch 77 Allergic Rhinitis, Coughs, and Colds Flashcards
___ is the most common allergic disorder.
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is treated primarily with (3).
intranasal glucocorticoids,
oral and intranasal antihistamines, and
oral and intranasal sympathomimetic decongestants.
___ are effective drugs for allergic rhinitis.
Intranasal glucocorticoids
These agents relieve rhinorrhea, congestion, itching, and sneezing.
___ are first-line drugs for allergic rhinitis.
Antihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists)
They relieve rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching, but not congestion.
__ are not recommended for the management of the common cold and may lead to secondary complications and bacterial infections.
Antihistamines
(2) are common side effects of the first-generation antihistamines but not the second generation antihistamines.
Sedation and anticholinergic effects
Sympathomimetic drugs decrease nasal congestion by
activating alpha1-adrenergic receptors on blood vessels,
which causes ___.
vasoconstriction and thereby shrinks swollen nasal membranes
___ decrease nasal congestion rapidly and produce minimal systemic effects, but cause rebound congestion when used for more than a few days.
Topical sympathomimetics
___ decrease nasal congestion slowly and produce CNS and cardiovascular stimulation, but do not cause rebound congestion, and are suited for long-term use.
Oral sympathomimetics
__, a member of the opioid family, is the most effective cough suppressant available.
Codeine
Doses are only one-tenth those used for analgesia.
___ is the most effective OTC nonopioid cough suppressant.
Dextromethorphan
There is no good evidence that ___, or any other cough medicine can suppress cough associated with the common cold.
codeine, dextromethorphan
OTC cough and cold remedies should not be given to
children younger than ___.
4 to 6 years
