Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathoma > Ch. 7 vascular pathology > Flashcards

Ch. 7 vascular pathology Flashcards

1
Q

large vessel vasculitis involve which vessels?

A

aorta and its major branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

medium vessel vasculitis involve which vessels?

A

muscular arteries that supply organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

small vessel vasculitis involve which vessels?

A

arterioles, capillaries and venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two types of large vessel vasculitis?

A

Temporal (Giant cell) Arteritis and Takayasu Arteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the vasculitis — granulomatous vasculitis; branches of carotid artery; older adults >50; females; presents as HA, visual disturbances and jaw claudication; flu-like symptoms with joint and muscle pain

A

Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biopsy of Temporal Arteritis reveals?

A

inflammed vessel wall with giant cells and intimal fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for Temporal Arteritis?

A

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the vasculitis — granulomatous vasculitis; aortic arch at branch points; adults

A

Takayasu Arteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment for Takayasu Arteritis?

A

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 types of medium vessel vasculitides?

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa, Kawasaki Disease, Buerger Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the vasculitis — necrotizing vasculitis involving many organs but spares lungs; presents as HTN, abdominal pain with melena, neurologic disturbances and skin lesions; HBsAg; fibrinoid necrosis; “string of pearls”

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the treatment for polyarteritis nodosa?

A

corticosteroids and cylcophosphamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the MOA of cyclophosphamide?

A

Covalently x-link DNA at guanine N-7; require bioactivation by liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the vasculitis — Asian children

A

Kawasaki Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for Kawasaki disease?

A

Aspirin and IVIG; disease is self-limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the vasculitis — necrotizing vasculitis involving digits; ulceration, gangrene, autoamputation of fingers and toes; Raynaud phenomenon; ASSOCIATED WITH HEAVY SMOKING

A

Buerger Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the treatment for Buerger Disease?

A

smoking cessation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 4 types of small vessel vasculitides

A

Wegener Granulomatosis, Microscopic Polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name the vasculitis — necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis involving nasopharynx, lungs, kidneys; positive for serum c-ANCA

A

Wegener Granulomatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the vasculitis — necrotizing vasculitis involving multiple organs esp. lung and kidney; no nasopharyngeal involvement and presence of granulomas; positive serum p-ANCA

A

Microscopic polyangiitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the treatment for Microscopic polyangiitis?

A

corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide

22
Q

Name the vasculitis — necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with EOSINOPHILS involving multiple organs eps. lungs and heart; asthma; positive serum p-ANCA

A

Churg-Strauss syndrome

23
Q

Name the vasculitis — due to IgA immune complex deposition; most common vasculitis in children; palpable purpura on buttocks and legs, GI pain, bleeding and hematuria (IgA nephropathy); occurs after URI

A

Henoch -Schonlein Purpura

24
Q

95% of cases of Primary HTN

A

HTN of unknown etiology

25
Q

What is secondary HTN?

A

HTN due to an identifiable etiology (5%)

26
Q

What is a common cause of secondary HTN?

A

renal artery stenosis

27
Q

Name this condition - developmental defect of blood vessel wall, resulting in irregular thickening of large and medium sized arteries, esp. renal artery

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

28
Q

What are the 3 patterns of arteriosclerosis?

A

atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis

29
Q

What type of arteriosclerosis is this? intimal plaque obstructs blood flow; necrotic lipid core with a fibromuscular cap; involves large and medium sized arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

30
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

A

damage to endothelium allows lipids to leak into intima => lipids are oxidized and consumed by macrophages forming foam cells => inflammation and healing leads to deposition of extracellular matrix and proliferation of smooth muscle

31
Q

How does atherosclerosis begin? at what stage in life does it begin? what does it progress to?

A

Begins as fatty streaks; arises early in life (teenage years); progresses to atherosclerotic plaque

32
Q

What type of arteriosclerosis is this? narrowing of small arterioles; divided into two types hyaline and hyperplastic

A

arteriolosclerosis

33
Q

This type of arteriolosclerosis is caused by proteins leaking into the vessel wall, producing vascular thickening, proteins are seen as pink hyaline on microscopy

A

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis

34
Q

What is hyaline arteriolosclerosis a consequence of and what results?

A

Consequence of long standing benign HTN or diabetes; results in reduced vessel caliber with end organ ischemia

35
Q

This type of arteriolosclerosis involves thickening of vessel wall by hyperplasia of smooth muscle (“onion skin appearance”)

A

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

36
Q

What is hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis a consequence of and what results?

A

Consequence of malignant HTN; results in reduced vessel caliber with end organ ischemia; may lead to fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall with hemorrhage

37
Q

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis causes acute renal failure with what type of characteristic appearance?

A

“flea-bitten” appearance

38
Q

What type of arteriosclerosis is this? calcification of the media of muscular arteries; non-obstructive; not clinically significant; incidental finding

A

Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis

39
Q

Intimal tear with dissection of blood through media of the aortic wall; most common cause is HTN

A

Aortic dissection

40
Q

Aortic dissection is associated with what two conditions that are inherited defects of connective tissue?

A

Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - weakness of connective tissue in media

41
Q

How does aortic dissection present?

A

sharp tearing chest pain that radiates to the back

42
Q

What is the most common cause of death with aortic dissection?

A

pericardial tamponade

43
Q

balloon like dilation of the thoracic aorta

A

Thoracic aneurysm

44
Q

What condition is thoracic aneurysm classically seen with and what appearance of the aorta results?

A

tertiary syphilis; tree-bark appearance

45
Q

Where do abdominal aortic aneurysms most commonly arise?

A

below the renal arteries but above the aortic bifurcation

46
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is primarily due to what type of arteriosclerosis?

A

atherosclerosis

47
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is classically seen in?

A

male smokers > 60 with HTN

48
Q

Name the vascular tumor — benign tumor comprised of blood vessels; commonly present at birth; often regresses in childhood; most common in skin and liver

A

hemangioma

49
Q

Name the vascular tumor — malignant proliferation of endothelial cells; highly aggressive; common in skin, breast, liver

A

angiosarcoma

50
Q

Liver angiosarcoma is associated with exposure to what chemicals?

A

polyvinyl chloride, arsenic, thorotrast

51
Q

Name the vascular tumor — low grade malignant proliferation of endothelial cells; associated with HHV-8; presents as purple pataches, plaques, nodules on skin

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

52
Q

Kaposi sarcoma is classically seen in what populations?

A

older eastern European males; AIDs; transplant recipients

Pathoma (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions