Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro to Neuroscience > Ch 7 The Structure of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch 7 The Structure of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

anterior / rostral

A

“beak”; direction pointing to the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

posterior / caudal

A

“tail”; direction toward the tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dorsal

A

“back”; the direction pointing up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ventral

A

“belly”; the direction pointing down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

midline

A

the invisible line running down the middle of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

medial

A

structures closer to the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lateral

A

structures away from the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ipsilateral

A

structures on the same side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

contralateral

A

structures on the opposite sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

midsagittal plane

A

splitting the brain into equal left and right halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sagittal plane

A

sections parallel to the midsagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

horizontal plane

A

parallel to the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

coronal plane

A

perpendicular to the ground and the sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

central nervous system CNS

A

consists of the parts of the nervous system encased in bone (the brain and the spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cerebrum

A

rostral-most and largest part of the brain

left hemisphere controls right body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

cerebrum split into equal sides by the sagittal fissure.

left hemisphere controls right body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cerebellum

A

lies behind the cerebrum
contains as many neurons as cerebrum
movement control center
left side controls left body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

brain stem

A

forms the stalk from which the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum spout.
relays info from the cerebrum to the spinal cord and cerebellum & back
regulates vital functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

spinal cord

A

encased in the bony vertebral column and is attached to the brain stem
major conduit of info from the skin, joints, and muscles of the body to the brain & back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

spinal nerves

A

way the spinal cord communicates with the body
part of the PNS
exit the spinal cord through notches between vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dorsal root

A

contains axons that brings info into the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ventral root

A

contains axons that carry info away from the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Peripheral Nervous System PNS

A

all parts of the nervous system other than the brain and spinal cord
2 parts: Somatic and Visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Somatic PNS

A

all the spinal nerves that innervate the skin, the joints, and the muscles that are under voluntary control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglia

A

clusters outside the spinal cord that are made up of cell bodies of the somatic sensory neurons
each spinal nerve has a dorsal root ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Visceral PNS

A

involuntary, vegetative, autonomic nervous system (ANS), consists of the neurons that innervate the internal organs, blood vessels, and glands
Visceral sensory axons brings info about visceral function to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

afferent

A

carry to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

efferent

A

carry from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of nerves that arise from the brain stem and innervate the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

meninges

A

3 membranes that protects the CNS : dura mater, the arachnoid membrane, and the pia mater

31
Q

dura mater

A

outermost meninge
forms a tough, inelastic bag that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
contains blood vessels

32
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

under the dura mater;
has an appearance and consistency resembling a spider web
blood collects here if vessels are ruptured from the dura mater

33
Q

pia mater

A

thin membrane that adheres closely to the surface of the brain
along the pia run many blood vessels that ultimately dive into the substance that of the underlying brain

34
Q

cerebrospinal fluid CSF

A

salty clear liquid that allows the brain to float inside the head

35
Q

ventricular system

A

fluid-filled caverns and canals inside the brain

contains the choroid plexus that produces CSF

36
Q

neural tube

A

formed by the neural folds that move together and fuse dorsally
The entire CNS develops from the walls of the neural tube

37
Q

neural crest

A

neural ectoderm is pinched off from the neural folds and lies just lateral to the neural tube
All neurons with cell bodies in the PNS derive from the neural crest

38
Q

neurulation

A

the process by which the neural plate becomes the neural tube

39
Q

differentiation

A

the process by which structures become more complex and functionally specialized during development

40
Q

forebrain

A

prosencephalon; rostral-most vesicle

41
Q

midbrain

A

behind the prosencephalon lies another vesicle called the mesencephalon

42
Q

hindbrain

A

caudal to the third primary vesicle is the rhombencephalon

connects with the caudal neural tube, which gives rise to the spinal cord

43
Q

diencephalon

A

the unpaired structure that remains after the secondary vesicles have sprouted off
“between brain”

44
Q

telencephalon

A

“end brain”
formed by the telencephalic vesicles
consists of the cerebral hemispheres

45
Q

olfactory bulbs

A

participates in the sense of smell

formed by pair of vesicles sprouting off the ventral surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres

46
Q

lateral ventricles

A

fluid-filled spaces within the cerebral hemispheres

47
Q

third ventricle

A

space at the center of the diencephalon

48
Q

cerebral cortex

A

formed by 2 different types of gray matter in the telencephalon

49
Q

basal telencephalon

A

formed by 2 different types of gray matter in the telencephalon

50
Q

thalamus

A

diencephalon differentiates into

51
Q

hypothalmus

A

diencephalon differentiates into

52
Q

cortical white matter

A

contains all the axons that run to and from the neurons in the cerebral cortex

53
Q

corpus callosum

A

continuous with with the cortical white matter and forms an axonal bridge that links cortical neurons of the 2 cerebral hemispheres

54
Q

internal capsule

A

continuous with the cortical white matter; links the cortex with the brain stem, particularly the thalmus

55
Q

tectum

A

dorsal surface of the mesencephalic vesicle

56
Q

tegmentum

A

the floor of the midbrain

57
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

CSF-filled space between constricts into a narrow channel; connects rostrally with the third ventricle of the diencephalon

58
Q

pons

A

develop from the rostral half of the hindbrain (mytencephalon)

59
Q

medulla oblongata

A

develops from the caudal half (myelencephalon)

60
Q

fourth ventricle

A

continuous with the cerebral aqueduct of the mindbrain

61
Q

spinal cord

A

transformation of the caudal neural tube

62
Q

dorsal horn

A

upper part of the butterfly’s wing; contains gray matter (where neurons are)

63
Q

ventral horn

A

lower part of the butterfly;s wing; contains gray matter (where neurons are)

64
Q

sulci

A

the grooves in the surface of the cerebrum

65
Q

gyri

A

the bumps of the cerebrum

66
Q

temporal lobe

A

the tip of the “horn” lies right under the temporal bone

67
Q

frontal lobe

A

portion of the cerebrum lying just under the frontal bone of the forehead

68
Q

central sulcus

A

marks the posterior border of the frontal lobe

69
Q

parietal lobe

A

portion of the brain caudal to the central sulcus, under the parietal bone

70
Q

occipital lobe

A

at the back of the cerebrum, under the occipital bone

71
Q

hippocampus

A

medial to the lateral ventricle is a piece of cortex that is folded onto itself in a peculiar shape

72
Q

olfactory cortex

A

connected to the hippocampus ventrally and laterally, has 2 cell layers; continuous with the olfactory bulb; separated by a sulcus called the rhinal fissure

73
Q

neocortex

A

neocortex is only found in mammals;

74
Q

cytoarchitectural map

A

each area of the cortex having a common cytoarchitecture is given a number. Korbinian Brodmann founded it

Intro to Neuroscience (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions