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Biology Honors > Ch 7 Test > Flashcards

Ch 7 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an ecological footprints?

A

the total area of healthy land and water ecosystems needed to provide the resources you use

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2
Q

what does an ecological footprint refer to?

A

individual and population uses and their waste
- energy
- food
- water
- shelter
- sewage
- greenhouse gases

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3
Q

How does the average American’s ecological footprint compare to the global average?

A

4 times larger

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4
Q

how to researchers determine American average ecological footprint?

A
  • calculated the footprint for a typical citizen & multiply that by the size of the population
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5
Q

when does an ecological deficit occur?

A

when the footprint of a population exceeds the biocapacity of the area available to that population

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6
Q

what adds to your footprint

A
  • size of your house
  • heating and cool in your house
  • amount of clothing purchased
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7
Q

when the Great Acceleration occur?

A

the 1950s

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8
Q

what is the great acceleration often referred to as?

A

Age of Humans

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9
Q

what are anthromes?

A

human-altered biomes
- globally significant ecological patterns created by long-term interactions between humans and ecosystems
- anthro = human

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10
Q

What is true about carbon dioxide levels?

A

atmospheric levels have been increasing since the industrial revolution

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11
Q

how is most carbon dioxide released?

A

through burning fossil fuels

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12
Q

what is climate change?

A

measurable long-term changes in averages of temperature, clouds, winds, precipitation and frequency of extreme weather events
- may describe increasing # of tornados
- includes global warming

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13
Q

what is global warming?

A

an increase in average global temperatures

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14
Q

what is are the two destructive effects of CO2 in oceans?

A
  • lower pH
  • loss of carbonate ions
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15
Q

How does pH relate to the ocean acidity?

A
  • higher pH = less acidic
  • lower pH = more acidic
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16
Q

how does a loss of carbonate ions affect wildlife in oceans?

A
  • animals have trouble building and maintaining body structures (shells)
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17
Q

what do healthy forests do for the environment?

A
  • protect fresh water
  • absorb carbon dioxide
  • moderate climate
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18
Q

what can soil erosion cause in mountain ranges?

A

mudslides that affect water quality in waterways

19
Q

what part of deforestation can slow down/stop succession?

A
  • slow = grazing and plowing
  • stop = clearing for agriculture and destroying microbial communities
20
Q

what do we consider old-growth forests?

A

non-renewable

21
Q

what is monoculture?

A

involves planting large areas with a single highly productive crop year after year

22
Q

what does monoculture enable?

A

efficient sowing, tending and harvesting of crops using machines
- impacts fresh water and fertile soil

23
Q

what do dense communities produce and what can it effect?

A

large amounts of waste
- air, water, and soil resources

24
Q

what is habitat loss?

A

when natural habitats are completely changed, species that once lived in the area can be lost due to human development

25
Q

what is habitat fragmentation?

A

causes biodiversity loss and makes ecosystems more vulnerable to other disturbances

26
Q

what is habitat restoration?

A

ecological restoration recreates conditions that resemble an ecosystem that previously exists

27
Q

what can happen to organisms introduced to new habitats?

A

they can become invasive and threaten biodiversity
- carried there by human trade and travel

28
Q

what are CFCs?

A

industrially produced gases
- banned for their impact on the ozone layer

29
Q

what were CFCs used in and what was the impact?

A
  • used as propellants in aerosol cans or coolants in refrigerators
  • remain in atmosphere for a long time affecting the ozone layer
30
Q

what is a pollutant?

A

a harmful material that can enter the biosphere

31
Q

what is point source pollution?

A

when pollutants enter water supply through a single source
example: factories

32
Q

what is a nonpoint source?

A

when pollutants enter water supplies from small sources
- examples: cars

33
Q

what does biological magnification occur with?

A

DDT, mercury and PCB
- once ingested, it is not broken down or eliminated but collected in the body tissues

34
Q

what is the relationship between the food chain, pollutants and trophic levels?

A

in a food chain, the concentration of a pollutant INCREASES as the number of organisms at a trophic level DECREASES

35
Q

what does data show about climate change?

A

both the atmosphere and oceans have been warming
- sea levels are rising
- artic ice is melting

36
Q

what is IPCC?

A
  • 2014 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  • an international organization established to provide the best scientific info on climate change
37
Q

what information does the IPCC contain?

A

the data agreed upon by 2,500 climate scientists around the world

38
Q

what happens as permafrost thaws?

A

plants and animals that were frozen in the ground begin to decay and release carbon dioxide and methane back into the environment

39
Q

what is sustainable development?

A

using resources in ways that preserve ecosystem services
- recognizes the links between ecology and economics

40
Q

how many goals has the united nations set for sustainable development and what do the goals aim for?

A
  • 17 goals
  • not only enable people to survive but improve their situtation
41
Q

what is a renewable resource?

A

a resource that can be produced by a healthy ecosystem

42
Q

example of a renewable resource?

A
  • water
  • single tree
43
Q

what is a nonrenewable resource?

A

a resource that cannot be replenished or replaced by a natural process
example: fossil fuels

44
Q

what is resilience?

A

the ability to deal with change

Biology Honors (1 decks)

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