Ch. 7/ Solids Liquids and Gases Flashcards
What are the 3 states of matter?
Gases
Solids
Liquids
What is the shape and volume of a gas, solid, and liquid?
β’ a gas expands to fill its container
β’ a liquid has a fixed volume that takes the shape of the container and occupies
β’ a solid has a definite shape and volume
What is the arrangement of particles of a gas, liquid, and solid?
β’ a gas is randomly arranged, disorganized, and far apart
β’ a liquid is randomly arranged, but close
β’ a solid has a fixed arrangement of very close particles
What is the density, particle movement, and interaction between particles of a gas, liquid, and solid?
β’Gas
- Low density (<0.01 g/mL)
-particle movement is very fast
- there is no interaction between particles
β’Liquid
- High density (~ 1 g/mL)^a
- Particle movement is moderate
- interaction between particles is strong
β’Solid
- High density (1-10 g/mL)
- Particle movement is slow
- Interaction between particles is very strong
Existing as a gas, liquid, or solid, depends on:
- The balance between the kinetic energy of its particles.
- The strength of the interactions between the particles.
PROPERTIES OF GASES π
What is the kinetic molecular theory of gases?
- A gas consist of particles that move randomly and rapidly.
- The size of gas particles is small compared to the space between the particles.
- Particles exert no attractive forces on each other.
- The kinetic energy of gas particles increases with increasing temperature.
- When particles collide with each other, they rebound and travel in new directions.
- When gas particles collide with the walls of a container, they exert a pressure.
- Pressure (P) is the force (F) exerted per unit area (A).
Pressure = Force/ Area = F/A
1 atmosphere (atm)=
760. mmHG
760. torr
14.7 psi
101,325 Pa
GAS LAWS π
What is Boyleβs law? What does it State?
Boyles law: for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, the pressure and volume of gas are inversely related.
β’ if one quantity increases, the other decreases
β’ the product of the two quantities is a constant, K.
Pressure β’ volume = constant
P x V = k
GAS LAWS
BOYLEβS LAW
If the volume of a cylinder of gas is halved, the pressure of the gas inside the cylinder doubles.
What equation can explain this behavior ?
Pg 7
P1V1 = P2V2
Initial New
Conditions Conditions
πππππ
To learn how to use Boyleβs Law to calculate a new gas, volume, or pressure see slides 8-10.
πππππ
GAS LAWS
CHARLESβS LAW
What is Charlesβs law?
Charles is law: for a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the volume of the gas is proportional to its Kelvin temperature.
β’ if one quantity increases, the other increases as well
β’ dividing volume by temperature temperature is a constant, K
Volume/ temperature = constant
V/T= K
πππππ
GAS LAWS
CHARLESβS LAW
If the temperature of a cylinder is doubled, the volume of the gas inside the cylinder doubles.
What equation explains this behavior ?
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Initial New
Conditions Conditions
πππππ
GAS LAWS
GAY-LUSSACβS LAW
What is Gay-Lussacβs Law?
Gay-Lussacβs Law: for a mixed amount of gas at constant value, the pressure of a gas is proportional to its kelvin temperature.
β’ if one quantity increases, the other increases as well
β’ dividing pressure by temperature is a constant, k
Pressure/ temperature = constant
P/T = k
πππππ
GAS LAWS
GAY-LUSSACβS LAW
Increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy of the gas particles, causing the pressure exerted by the particles to increase.
What equation explains this behavior?
P1/ T1 = P2/T2
Initial New
Conditions Conditions
πππππ
Gas Laws
What is the combined gas law?
β’ all three gas laws can be combined into one equation.
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Initial New
Conditions Conditions
β’ this equation is used for DETERMINING the EFFECT OF CHANGING TWO FACTORS
(e.g., P and T) on the third factor V.
πππ
GAS LAWS
What is the combined gas law used for? β¨β¨β¨β¨ what does that mean ?
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Initial New
Conditions Conditions
β’ This equation is used for DETERMINING the EFFECT OF CHANGING TWO FACTORS
(e.g., P and T) on the third factor V.