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Operating Room Techniques > CH 7 Preventing Perioperative Disease Transmission > Flashcards

CH 7 Preventing Perioperative Disease Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

Non Pathogenic Microorganisms purpose

A

Break down complex organic compounds into simple forms

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2
Q

Pathogens

A

any microbes capable of causing disease or infection

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3
Q

Name the Human Microbe Relationships (5)

A

Indigenous microflora, Opportunistic, Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism.

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4
Q

Indigenous microflora

A

microbes that live on the skin and inside the human body

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5
Q

Opportunistic

A

harmless until given an opportunity to enter the body (surgical wound, break in skin)

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6
Q

Mutualism

A

both organisms benefit from and depend on one another to a certain extent (E. coli: obtains nutrients from food in human intestine/ produces vitamin K- *essential for blood clotting & coagulation

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7
Q

Commensalism

A

one organism benefits but second organism neither benefits nor is harmed. (indigenous microflora on the skin)

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8
Q

Parasitism

A

one organism benefits and the host is harmed

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9
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

Infection obtained while patient is in the hospital.

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10
Q

Bacteria

A

Reside naturally in human body; cause no disease unless opportunity arises.
-Aerobic or Anaerobic
Classified as Gram- or Gram+ with Gram stain
Classified by shape (Cocci,bacilli)

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11
Q

Name the Bacteria commonly found in body (7)

A 
E. coli,
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Clostridium Perfringens
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Helicobacter pylori
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12
Q

Staphylococcus aureus (staph)

A

found in respiratory tract and on skin. MRSA is a dangerous form of this bacteria; one common cause of nosocomial infection, most commonly transmitted pathogen in OR

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13
Q

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

A

causative agent of tuberculosis; waxy coating on cell surface makes impervious to gram staking; highly aerobic, requires high levels of oxygen.

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14
Q

Spores

A

Tough, non reproductive, stripped down, dormant form to which the bacterium can reproduce itself
Enable bacteria to lie dormant for long periods, even centuries.
When proper conditions for bacterial grown are destroyed, the bacterium returns to its vegetative state and is able to grown and reproduce once again.

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15
Q

Characteristics of viruses

A

Non living, small particles that are completely reliant on the host cell for survival
Virus invades host cell, combines with DNA or RNA of the cell and changes cells metabolism to perform replication of virus

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16
Q

Common viruses of OR

A

hep B, transmitted though body fluids
Hep C, infections the liver
HIV, INfection occurs thigh all body fluids except saliva
Herpes, transmitted with an infected area of the skin.

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17
Q

CJD (infectious disease)

A

Degenerative, neurological disorder, that is incurable, and invariably fatal. Brain tissue develops holes, and takes on sponge like texture, caused by prions

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18
Q

Prions

A

Misfolded proteins which replicate by converting their properly folded counterparts, built of proteins and do not contain DNA or RNA

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19
Q

Parasites (infectious disease)

A

Invertebrates that cause diseases, worms are most common, with route of transmission generally by ingestion of contaminated food or water that contains the worms or eggs, can include penetration through the skin, fecal oral contamination

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20
Q

Fungi (infectious disease)

A

Generally opportunistic pathogen that causes disease when the patient or host is immunocompromised,
Grows as yeast, and filament outs cells
Cause of oral and genital infections

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21
Q

Viability of microorganism

A

Must have adequate time to reproduce

Must have food, moisture and proper temperature

22
Q

Human portals of exit

A

Pathways by which micro organisms leave the body depends largely on the part of the body, affected by the disease. All body secretions are excretions are potential portals of exit if they contain ay component of blood.

23
Q

Methods of transmission

A

Direct
Indirect
Droplet
Airborne spread

24
Q

Direct mode of transmission

A

Light handle drops into open wound, needle stick

25
Q

Indirect mode of transmission

A

Bio burden on gloves contaminated equipment that it handled by ungloved person who rubs eyes

26
Q

Droplet mode of transmission

A

> 5 um, infection spread though the air by droplets spread by sneezing, coughing or talking.

27
Q

Airborne spread of transmission

A

Infection spread through the air by sneeze droplets.

28
Q

Two primary sources of risk to the patient of SSI

A

Endogenous flora of the skin and the resident flora of the skin

29
Q

Primary goal of ST

A

Always proactive proper sterile technique to prevent transmission of microbes perioperatively, and thus to prevent SSI

30
Q

Name common viruses in OR

A 
Hepatitis b
Hepatitis c
HIV
papillomavirus
Herpes
31
Q

Hepatitis b

A

Virus, disease of the liver, transimted through bodily fluids

32
Q

Hepatitis c

A

Virus. Disesas affecting the liver, spread blood to blood contact. No vaccine available.

33
Q

HIV

A

Virus. Cause of aids, infection through all body fluids except saliva.

34
Q

Papillomavirus

A

Virus. Causes small benign Tumore like warts. That can become cancerous

35
Q

Herpes

A

Virus. Produces most cold sores and genital heroes, transmitted by contact with an infected area Of the skin

36
Q

Portals of entry (6)

A

Skin, respiratory tract, alimentary tract, genitourinary tract, placenta, circulatory system,

37
Q

Portal of entry through the SKIN

A

Skin must be broken, common microorganism entering through the skin cause tetanus, gas gangrene, staph, and strept.

38
Q

Portal of entry through RESPIRATORY TRACT

A

Enter through mouth and nose, most frequent route of infection
Common microorganism entering they this route caus tuberculosis, pneumonia, cold, measles, small pox, scarlet fever

39
Q

Portals of entry through ALIMENTARY TRACT

A

Known as intestinal or enteric microorganisms enter thgh the mouth into the stomach and LGI tract
Microorganism entering thgh this route include those causing typhoid fever,
These diseases are more commonly seen in areas with poor sanitation and are transmitted through contaminated food and water.

40
Q

portalsof entry through GENITOURINARY TRACT

A

entr though the mucous membranes of the urinary and reproductive systems,
Microorganism include this causing urinary trance infections, HIV, and sexually transmitted disease

41
Q

Portal of entry through PLACENTA

A

Certain microorganisms from the pregnant mother will penetrate the placenta and infect the fetus,
These include syphilis, HIV, small pox and German measles

42
Q

Portals of entry through CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

A

Enter by invasion into the bloodstream
Microorganisms including hep b and HIV can be transmitted by contaminated blood transfusions, need sticks or cuts from sharp objects that have been contaminated by blood or body fluids.

43
Q

Portals of exit (6)

A

Blood, fecal matter, urine, respiratory secretions, tears, semen

44
Q

Portals of exit through BLOOD

A

Microorganism causing hep b and HIV (these are blood borne pathogens)

45
Q

Portals of exit through FECAL MATTER

A

Includes microorganisms causing hepatitis, polio and dysentery

46
Q

Portals of exit through URINE

A

Includes microorganisms causing typhoid fever

47
Q

Portals of exit through RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS

A

Includes microorganism causing step that and the comments cold HIV may be transmitted in saliva only if it contains blood.

48
Q

Portals of exit through TEARS

A

Includes microorganisms causing conjunctivitis

49
Q

Portals of exit through SEMEN

A

Includes microorganisms causing h and sexually transmitted diseases

50
Q

Factors that increase risk of SSI

A

Age, obesity, general health, nasal carriers of s aureus,increases stay of hospital length, per existing illness (radiation therapy, chemotherapy,)

Operating Room Techniques (1 decks)

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