Ch. 7 - Prejudice Flashcards
Jigsaw technique
A classroom structure designed to reduce prejudice and raise the self-esteem of children by placing them in small, racially-mixed, cooperative groups. It breaks down ingroup versus outgroup perceptions and allows the individual to develop the cognitive category of “oneness” – we’re in this together.
Interdependence
A situation in which individuals need one another to succeed. Problem-solving groups are both friendlier and more attentive when a cooperative atmosphere is introduced than when a competitive atmosphere prevails.
Scapegoating
Process of blaming the relatively powerless and innocent person/group for our own troubles which is not their fault; a feature of displaced aggression.
Blaming the victim
The tendency to blame individuals (make dispositional attributions) for their victimization. (ex. they were asking for it, he shouldn’t have acted like that in the first place, etc)
Stereotype threat
Apprehensions among a certain group about confirming an existing negative stereotype about them; this apprehension has been shown to interfere with intellectual performance.
Attributional Ambiguity
A phenomenon whereby members of a minority group have difficulty in interpreting feedback on their work or actions, as they could be a means of prejudice, or a means to obscure prejudice. (Are they being honest or are they trying not to seem racist?)
Ingroup Bias
When we favor our own group over another.
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Measures the speed of people’s positive and negative associations to a target group.
Discrimination
The unfair treatment of members of a stigmatized group.
Stereotype
Reflects the belief that a particular attribute is characteristic of the group as a whole, regardless of the actual variation among the group’s members.
Causes a distorted view: that the difference between groups is shown to be larger than the difference within groups.
Benevolent sexism
Holds ‘positive’ stereotypes of women; women are kinder than men, more nurturing, and more empathetic. This tends to idealize women, setting them in romantic terms and wanting to protect them bc of beliefs of women being the weaker gender.
Hostile sexism
Holds negative stereotypes of women; women are inferior to men bc they are inherently less intelligent, less competent, less brave, less capable, and so on.
Prejudice
A negative attitude toward all members of a distinguishable group of people, based solely on their membership in the group. Can be partly cognitive, emotional, and behavioral.
