Ch. 7 Physical and cognitive Development In Early Childhood

Question 1

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 1

The membrane that connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

Question 2

What is lateralization?

Answer 2

The process through which brain functions are divided between the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

Question 3

What is the hippocampus?

Answer 3

A brain structure that is important in learning

Question 4

What is handedness?

Answer 4

A strong preference for using one hand or the other that develops between 3 and 5 years of age

Question 5

What is child abuse?

Answer 5

Defined as physical or psychological injury that results from an adults intentional exposure of a child to potentially harmful physical stimuli, sexual acts, or neglect

Question 6

What is neglect?

Answer 6

The failure of a caregiver to provide emotional and physical support for a child

Question 7

What is semiotic (symbolic) function?

Answer 7

The understanding that one object or behavior can represent another

Question 8

Explain Piagets pre-operational stage?

Answer 8

Second stage of cognitive development where children become proficient in the use of symbols in thinking and communicating but still have difficulty thinking logically

Question 9

Explain the Piaget’s idea of egocentrism?

Answer 9

The young child’s belief that everyone sees and experiences the world the way she/he does

Question 10

Explain the idea of centration?

Answer 10

The young child’s tendency to think of the world in terms of one variable at a time

Question 11

Explain the idea of conservation?

Answer 11

The understanding that matter can change in appearance without changing in quality

Question 12

What is the theory of mind?

Answer 12

A set of ideas constructed by a child or adult to explain other people’s ideas, beliefs, desires, and behavior

Question 13

What is the false-belief principle?

Answer 13

An understanding that enables a child to look at a situation from another persons point of view and determine what kind of information will cause that person to have a false belief

Question 14

What is the short-term storage space who came up with it?

Answer 14

Neo-piagetian theorist Robbie Case’s term for the working memory

Question 15

What is operational efficiency?

Answer 15

A neo-Piagetian term that refers to the maximum number of schemes that can be processed in working memory at one time

Question 16

What is metamemory?

Answer 16

Knowledge about how memory works and the ability to control and reflect on ones own memory function

Question 17

What is metacognition?

Answer 17

Knowledge about how the mind thinks and the ability to control and reflect on ones own thought processes

Question 18

What is fast-mapping?

Answer 18

The ability to categorically link new words to real-world referents

Question 19

Explain grammar explosion

Answer 19

The period during when the grammatical features of children’s speech become more similar to those of adult speech

Question 20

Explain phonological awareness

Answer 20

Children’s understanding of the sound patterns of the language they are acquiring

Question 21

Explain invented spelling

Answer 21

A strategy young children with good phonological awareness skills use when they write

Question 22

Explain IQ what is the ratio for it?

Answer 22

The ratio of mental age to chronological age; also a general term for any kind of score derived from an intelligence test