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PSYC 321: Personality > Ch. 7: Personality Development > Flashcards

Ch. 7: Personality Development Flashcards

1
Q

Rank-order consistency

A

maintaining ind differences in beh/pers over time across situations

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2
Q

Temperament + attributes

A

term for “pers” of young, pre-verbal children

-activity lvl, emo reactivity, cheerfulness

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3
Q

Heterotypic continuity

A

consistency of an underlying trait that has diff behavioral manifestations at diff ages

temperament is root

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4
Q

Person-env transaction

A

how ppl respond to/seek out/create environments that are compatible with/magnify their traits

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5
Q

Active person-env transaction

A

how ppl seek out situations compatible w personality or avoid sit perceived as incompatible

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6
Q

Reactive person-env transaction

A

how ppl w diff personalities react diff to same sit

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7
Q

Evocative person-env transaction

A

how ppl change situations they encounter through personality-related behaviours

(not agreeable; create situations of arguing; divorce outcome)

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8
Q

Cumulative continuity principle

A

idea that pers becomes more stable w age

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9
Q

Cross-sectional study

A

studying pers dev in ppl of diff ages, assessed at same time

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10
Q

Maturity principle

A

idea that traits assoc with effective functioning increase w age (socially adapted traits)

some decline in late life

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11
Q

Social clock

A

traditional societal expectations: when to have achieved certain goals

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12
Q

Narrative identity

A

life story you tell yourself

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13
Q

Paradox of personality development

A

addresses change & stability

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14
Q

Why does pers stabilize over time? (4)

A
  • env tends to become more stable
  • early experiences can have lasting consequences
  • pers-env interaction
  • actively change environments we enter
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15
Q

Which traits tend to change w age?

A

conscientiousness INC / neuroticism DEC

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16
Q

Why does pers change over time? (3)

A
  • changes to body
  • impact of certain events
  • diff demands at diff stages
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17
Q

How does the social clock apply to women?

A

follow stereotypically feminine/masculine social clocks ~ long-term LS

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18
Q

Typical goals of young vs older people

A
  • explore new possibilities, dev skills

- maintain emo well-being, enjoy rel

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19
Q

Association btw life experiences + neuroticism

A

neg life exp can INC neurotocism // > neuroticism = encounter more neg experiences

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20
Q

Can people sig change their personalities?

A

if one strongly desires to

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21
Q

7 principles of pers dev/change

A
  • cumulative continuity;
  • maturity;
  • plasticity;
  • role continuity;
  • identity dev;
  • social investment;
  • corresponsive principle
22
Q

Life outcomes predicted by inhibited child

A

slower to find table partner & find first job

23
Q

Stability of personality disorders

A

generally stable, therapy doesn’t make much difference

24
Q

Life outcomes predicted by mastery motivation & agreeableness

A
  • school & work achievement
  • less antisocial conduct
  • better relationships
25
Q

3 basic aspects of childhood temperament

A

pos emotionality, neg emotionality, effortful ctrl

26
Q

What’s precursor of extraversion?

A

positive emotionality

27
Q

What’s the precursor of neuroticism?

A

negative emotionality

28
Q

Effortful control is a precursor of what?

A

conscientiousness + agreeableness

29
Q

How appearance + environment influence personality

A
  • appearance affects experiences; consistent influence on personality
  • env factors ~out of ctrl; affect how you think/feel/behave (SE status, rural/city)
30
Q

What does being bullied (age 11) predict? (3)

A

symptoms of ANX, paranoid thoughts, disorganized thinking

31
Q

What does stress (poverty, maltreatment) predict?

A
  • chronic biological inflammation = frail, tired, bad health

- stronger rxns to daily stress

32
Q

What childhood environments promote good outcomes? (3)

A

highly educated parents, phys comfort, father

33
Q

How exactly do we become more consistent w age?

A
  • traits change together
  • seniors: traits stay the same
  • psychological maturit
34
Q

Describe maturity & assoc traits (3)

A
  • behavioral consistency
  • traits that help you fulfill socially imp adult roles

-self-ctrl, interpers sensitivity, emotional stability

35
Q

Define Flynn effect

A

IQ is slowly INC around world

36
Q

Cross-sectional study: which traits decrease during the transition from childhood-adolescence then recover?

A

agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness

37
Q

Cohort effect on personality research

A

cross-sectional confound – ppl of diff ages grew up in diff times/history, more likely to dev certain traits

38
Q

Define ego development

A

ability to deal well in world, think for self abt moral decisions

(maturity principle)

39
Q

Limit of the maturity principle + what’s it called?

A

maturity traits DEC in old age

La dolce vita effect (enjoying life)

40
Q

Describe the 3 steps of the narrative identity

A
  1. See self as actor learning to place in society (child)
  2. Become an agent, guided by goals + values (7-9 yrs)
  3. Become author of autobiography (late ado)
41
Q

Define redemption – narrative identity

A

event that seemed terrible, but turned out for the best

42
Q

Define agency – narrative identity

A

organize life story around challenging self then accomplishment

43
Q

List 4 methods that can change personality

A

psychotherapy, general intervention program (life outcomes), targeted intervention programs (specific traits), life experiences

44
Q

Carl Rogers: how to change personality

A

provide unconditional positive regard to client

45
Q

2 steps of the Sociogenomic Trait Intervention Model to change pers

A
  1. identify thoughts, feelings, beh to change

2. do things outside comfort zone continuously to act out change in encouraging env

46
Q

What 3 factors prevent personality change?

A
  • not a strong desire to change
  • tend to blame neg experiences on external forces rather than personality
  • prefer to stay in comfort zone
47
Q

3 steps to personality change

A
  1. Think change is desirable
  2. Change is feasible
  3. Self-regulated behavioral changes becomes habitual
48
Q

Plasticity principle

A

pers can change at any time

49
Q

Role continuity principle

A

taking on roles (nerd/jock) can lead to personality consistency

50
Q

Identity development principle

A

we try to dev stable sense of self then strive to act accordingly

51
Q

Social investment principle

A

changing social roles at diff stages can lead to pers change

52
Q

Corresponsive principle

A

person-env transactions can cause pers traits to be consistent/magnify over time

PSYC 321: Personality (5 decks)

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