Ch 7 Neoplasia Flashcards
1
Q
New growth. Uncontrolled proliferation of new cells
A
Neoplasia
2
Q
Mass of new cells. Growth controlled and progressive
A
Neoplasm
3
Q
Study of tumors or neoplasms
A
Oncology
4
Q
Occurring outside of bone
A
Peripheral
5
Q
Not malignant. Favorable for recovery. Gen slow growing
A
Benign
6
Q
Malignant tumor (neoplasm) of epithelium
A
Carcinoma
7
Q
Occurring within bone
A
Central
8
Q
Disordered growth or organization of cells (no uniform look)
Characteristic of malignant
A
Dysplasia
9
Q
Surrounded by capsule of fibrous CT
Characteristic of benign
A
Encapsulated
10
Q
Abnormal increase in # of the normal arrangement of tissue
A
Hyperplasia
11
Q
Antibody
A
Immunoglobin
12
Q
Confined to site of origin without invasion of neighboring tissues
A
In situ
13
Q
Infiltration and active destruction of surrounding tissues
(Prerequ for metastasis)
A
Invasion
14
Q
White plaque like lesion of oral mucosa that can’t be wiped off and can’t be diagnosed as any other disease
A
Leukoplakia
15
Q
Likely to cause death of host (tumor=resistant to tx)
A
Malignant
16
Q
Transport of tumor cells to other parts of body. Removal from primary tumor
A
Metastasis
17
Q
OG site of tumor. Site of metastasis
A
Primary tumor
18
Q
Malignant tumor of CT
Less common but more deadly than carcinoma
A
Sarcoma
19
Q
Neoplasm, also swelling or enlargement
A
Tumor
20
Q
Absence of normal differentiation
Anaplasia
Characteristic of some malignant tumors
A
Undifferentiated
21
Q
New growth
Cells exhibit uncontrolled proliferation (&unlimited)
Abnormal process
A
Neoplasia
22
Q
4 Stages of Neoplasia
A
- Irreversible change takes place in CELLS
- Passed on to NEW CELLS
- Results in UNCONTROLLED CELL MULTIPLICATION
- Not controlled by process in body that maintains SIZE of normal tissues
23
Q
Causes of neoplasia (4)
A
Chemicals
Genetic mutation
Radiation (sun, X-rays, nuclear accident)
Oncogenic viruses (cause tumor)
24
Q
Benign or malignant ?
Usually well differentiated
Slow growing
Encapsulated (walled off by surrounding CT)
No metastasis (localized)
A
Benign
25
Benign or malignant
Well to poorly defined
Slow to rapid growth
Invasive and encapsulated
Metastasis likely
Malignant
26
Malignant tumors are… (4)
PPHA
Poorly differentiated (do not resemble normal cells they originate from)
Pleomorphic cells (vary in size and shape)
Hyper chromatic nuclei (darker than those of normal cells)
Abnormal mitosis (abnormal miotic shapes)
27
Oma = _______
Tumor
28
Benign fat tumor
Lipoma
29
Malignant tumor of epithelium
Carcinoma
30
Malignant tumor of squamous epithelium
Squamous cell carcinoma
31
Malignant tumor of bone forming tissue
Osteosarcoma
32
Benign tumor of bone
Osteoma
33
Nevus is tumor of ____ producing cells
Melanin
34
What kind of tumor of squamous epithelium? Benign or malignant?
Small outward growing
Pedunculated or sessile
Numerous papillary projections (white or color of mucosa)
Cauliflower like
Color depends on amount of surface keratin
Looks like common wart
Loc anywhere in moths
Tx surgery, base removed
Prog lesion usually don t recur
Papilloma
35
Premalignant lesions. Leukoplakia or Erythroplakia
White plaque like can’t be rubbed off
Usually due to hyperkeratosis
Can be squamous cell carcinoma (FOM, lips, ventrolateral tongue)
Smooth red patch or granular and velvety
Less common
90% SSC or epithelial dysplasia (one or more found is cause for concern)
Loc : FOM, tongue, soft palate
Lesion, mix of red and white areas, variation
of Erythroplakia “salt and pepper”
Leukoplakia
Erythroplakia
Speckled Leukoplakia
36
Malignant of squamous epithelium
Ulcer that won’t heal!
Most common primary malignancy of oral cavity
Can infiltrate adjacent tissues and metastasize to lymph nodes of neck than to distant sites
#1 cause is smoking and chemicals such as alcohol
Loc anywhere in mouth but most common
-FOM, ventrolateral tongue, soft palate, Tonsillar pillar, retromolar pad
Clinically outward growing ulcerative mass, early tumor
Histology cells invade through basement membrane into underlying CT
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
37
Type of squamous cell carcinoma
Vermillion of lips, skin of face
Histology degeneration of collagen and epithelial dysplasia
Prog much better than SCC of oral mucosa
Clinically color of v border changes from dark pink to uniform mottled grayish pink
Interface of border and skin is blurred
Solar cheilitis
Actinic cheilitis
38
Age group most effected by SSC
Most important risk factor of SSC
Pts over 40
Men out numbered women but women catching up (increase smoking in women)
Use of tobacco
Smoking, cigars, pipes, spit, etc
Use of alcohol in conjunction with smoking increases risk
39
Tx of SSC
Prognosis
Indiv or combo of
Rad
Chemo
Surgery
Size and location of tumor (father from bloodstream the better)
Metastasis. Distance from primary site (if to cervial lymph nodes is bad prognosis)
Location of lesion (better on lips/skin not oral)
40
Tumor less than 2cm
No palpable nodes
No distant metastasis
Stage 1
41
2-4cm
No palpable nodes
No distant metastasis
Stage 2
42
>4cm, no palpable nodes, no distant metastasis
>4cm, ipsilateral palpable nodes, no distant metastasis
<2cm or 2-4cm, with ipsilateral palpable nodes and no distant metastasis
Stage 3
43
<2cm, 2-4cm, or >4cm with contralateral or bilateral nodes (or fixed palpable), no distant metastasis
<2cm, fixed palpable nodes, no distant metastasis
Tumor invades adjacent tissues, no palpable nodes, no distant metastasis
Any pt w clinical or rad evidence of metastasis
Stage 4
44
Form of SCC
Better prognosis, usually doesn’t metastasize (if not tx can cause localized damage)
Appearance is slow, outward growth w pebbly white and red surface
Does not invade underlying tissue
Tx surgical excision
Verrucous Carcinoma
45
Malignant skin tumor made up of epithelial basal cells (deepest layer)
Etiology-sun exposure
Clinically - non healing ulcers of skin, rolled borders
Location: face, not oral cavity. Rarely metastasizes
(Refer to dermatologist if does not heal in 10 days)
Tx surgery
Basal Cell Carcinoma
46
Most common areas of salivary gland tumors
Jxn of hard and soft palate, retromolar pad, labial buccal mucosa, FOM, upper lip
47
Adenomas is _____ tumor and its source is
Benign
Glandular epithelium
48
Adenocarinomas is _____ tumor and source is
Malignant
Modified specialized epithelium tissues w salivary glands
49
Benign salivary gland tumor (mixed tumor, epi and CT)
Most common 90%
Loc palate or parotid gland
Clinically slow enlarging non ulcerated painless and dome shaped mass
Tx and Prog surgical can undergo metastasis and be difficult to remove
Part of parotid gland removed in case of tumors
Pleomorphic Adenoma
50
Salivary Gland Tumors
1 type, secretory, benign
Several cells inside, slice cyst for biopsy, malignant
Seem more in children, parotid or palate, malignant
Monomorphic adenoma
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
51
Derived from tooth forming tissues
Benign but locally aggressive
Odontogenic tumors
52
Proliferation of ameloblasts
Loc-
max and Mandibular
unencapsulated
Extensive in max-into vital structures (brain)
80% of mand area (molar) can cause bone expansion
Rad-
Honeycomb, soap bubble
Tx- complete surgical excision, recurrence common
Ameloblastoma
53
Cementum producing lesion, fused on root
Rad- well defined RO mass, continuous w root, can cover apex and surround by RL halo
Tx- enucleation of tumor and removal of involved tooth
Benign Cementoblastoma
54
Most common clinical manifestation is failure of perm tooth to erupt
Composed of mature enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp
Most common odontogenic tumor
2 types compound and complex
Odontoma
55
Collection of numerous small teeth (distinct mini teeth in cluster)
More common anterior maxillary
Rad cluster of mini teeth surrounded by RL halo
Compound Odontoma
56
Mass of enamel dentin cementum and pulp, doesn’t resemble normal teeth
Common is posterior Mandibular
Rad- RO mass surrounded by RL halo
(Dental soup all mixed and no distinction)
Complex Odontoma
57
Well demarcated sessile or pedunculated lesion
Originates in interdental papilla
Composed of fibrous CT w scatted bone and cementum calcifications
Tx surgery thorough scaling of adjacent teeth
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
58
Benign tumor of mature fat cells
Yellowish mass w thin epithelium overlying it
Bc of epithelium, boood vessels seen on surface
Lipoma
59
Benign proliferation of capillaries
Common not really tumor present at birth
Clinically deep red blanch when pressure applied
2 kinds capillary hem (numerous small capillaries) and cavernous hem. (Larger bvs)
Loc more than 1/2 occur in head and neck area tongue (can lead to macroglossia)
Tx possible spontaneous remission, surg, or injection of sclerosing agent
Hemangioma
60
Benign tumor of lymphatic vessels
Most present at birth, 1/2 head and neck area
Most common site is tongue
Tx surgical excision (tend to recur)
Lymphangioma
61
Benign tumor of melanocytes
Can be pigmented congenital lesion
Loc- skin or oral cavity (hard palate or buccal mucosa)
Clinically tan brown macula or papule
Pigmented with ulcerations or increases size or change of color may = malignant
Tx- biopsy if unknown cause, duration or recent onset
Surg excision
Nevus
62
Malignant tumor of melanocytes
Etiology sun exposure, rare for primary in oral cavity usually on skin then metastasize to OC
Appears rapidly enlarging bluish to black mass
Loc palate or max gingiva
Tx surg or chemo
Prog poor
Malignant Melanoma
63
Torus, exostosis, osteoma (benign tumor or mature normal compact bone) are what
Tumors of bone and cartilage
64
Malignant tumor of bine forming tissue
Diffuse swelling or mass can be painful
Parasthesia of lip can occur is mandible involved
Prog only 20% of pts w OS of jaws survive
Osteosarcoma
65
Benign tumor of cartilage
Malignant tumor of cartilage (rare but deadly, 30% pts invoking jaws survive)
Chondroma
Chondrosarcoma
66
Overproduction of atypical WBCs ( profilerate in bone marrow and spill into circulating blood and tissues )
Acute (common children and YAs, proliferation of immature blood cells) and chronic (middle aged adults, prolif mature WBC)
Tx chemo, rad and corticosteroids
Prog depends on extend of disease
Diffuse gingival enlargement and persistent bleeding
Leukemia
67
Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue
Gradual enlargement of involved lymph nodes. Orally is Tonsillar area (palatine in particular)
Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
68
Ex: Jaw malignancy from breast cancer (if biopsy taken would be similar to breast cancer)
Rare but usually found on mandible if so and appears several years later after primary lesion discovered
Rad poorly defined RL
Advanced and Prog is poor
Metastatic tumors of jaw
