Ch. 7: Metamorphic Rocks Flashcards
Processes of metamorphism
Protolith → metamorphic rock
Recrystallization
Original grain boundaries migrate into a new mosaic
pattern
Tiny clasts to large grains
Neocrystallization
Driven mostly by elevated T; NEW metamorphic
minerals (porphyroblasts) may grow:
Clay and quartz to quartz garnet and mica
Causes of metamorphism
Heat
Pressure
Directed pressure
Heat
produced by geothermal gradient (~25°C/km) and intrusions;
metamorphic T between 200° and ~ 800°C
Pressure
due to burial: geobaric gradient, 300 bars (or 0.3 kb) per kilometer
If a rock has experienced 3 kbars of pressure, how deeply was it buried?
10
Directed pressure
stress; produces fabrics in metamorphic rocks
Index minerals
chlorite→ mica→ garnet→ staurolite→ kyanite [only from shale protoliths]
low to high all come from protoliths chlorite being first
foliated rocks
foliated: slate; phyllite; schist; gneiss
non-foliated rocks
non-foliated rocks: quartzite; marble; amphibolite; hornfels
other rocks
other: migmatite, mylonite, blueschist, eclogite
Types of metamorphism
Regional: majority
Contact: hornfels
Dynamic/shear: mylonites
Subduction: produces blueschist & eclogite
Blueschist
high P subduction zone metamorphism
Eclogite
very high P subduction zone