Ch 7 Info Process Flashcards
In the sensory register what are stored momentarily? How do we move it to short-term memory storage?
Sights and sound.
We can move it to short-term memory storage if we attend to the sensory register items
What does the short-term memory stored retain?
We retain attended to information briefly so we can actively work on reaching the goal.
Define working memory
It refers to the number of items that can be held in your mind while engaging in other activities that you can manipulate
What is considered the conscious, reflective part of our mental system? There’s also the reasoning, problem-solving.
The central executive director flow of information so that we can engage in more complex, flexible thinking
True or false. Automatic processes are so well that they require no Space in working memory
True. The more information we process in working memory and the more effectively we process it, the more likely it is to transfer to our third and largest storage area which is the long-term memory.
How is information and long-term memory categorized?
It is categorized by its contents
What are the several aspects of cognitive system that improve with age when referring to the store model?
One, the basic capacity especially working memory
Two, the speed with which children work on the information in the system
Three their executive function, apply strategies for goal oriented behavior
How would stress affect working memory for a child in poverty?
A child who is stressed in their environment will have structure change in their brain for example their prefrontal cortex and it’s connections with the hippocampus which governs working memory capacity is impaired
Define executive function
Executive function is necessary for self initiated, purposeful behavior in novel and challenging situations
For example, suppressing impulses planning organizing redirecting thought and behavior
What are some genetic contribution to individual differences and working memory capacity and attention processing?
Inhibiting inappropriate responses
In Robbie cases Neo-Piagetian theory what are the three factors that contribute to cognitive change?
Brain development. Neurological changes including synaptic growth and synaptic pruning. Biology is the base for cognitive development.
Practice with schemes and out of my station. Piagetian schemes are child’s mental strategies. And within each stage through repeated use the child schemes become automatic which frees up there working memory capacity.
Formation of central conceptual structures this is where networks of concepts allow them to permit to think about wide ranges of situations.
Continuum of acquisition shows what about children?
That many understandings appear in specific situations at times rather than being mastered all at once
What is Seaglers model of strategy choice?
It’s kind of like survival of the fittest when it comes to strategies. Children will test the usefulness of each strategy and only some strategies will be selected and will survive whatever helps them more better problem-solving techniques.
What does Min strategy referred to when it comes to Siegler model?
When children select strategies on the basis of accuracy and speed they also use the min strategy. Where it minimizes the work.
The store model has three mental systems for processing what are they.
The sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
Why is attention fundamental to human thinking?
Because it determines which information will be considered in any task
What is a physiological indicator of sustained attention?
Slower heartbeat
When do children become increasingly capable of intentional, or goal directed behavior?
In toddlerhood
How can parents help toddlers and young preschoolers maintain focus of attention?
By offering suggestions, questions, and comments about child’s current interest
How do children acquire selective, adaptable attention? Define them.
Practicing inhibition and attentional strategies.
Inhibition allows children to filter out irrelevant stimuli. Internal like our own thoughts, and external distraction.
Attentional strategies need production (produce strategies), control and execute strategies efficiently, utilization, and effective strategy use.
A teacher provides external aid such as a drawing as an ear to remind children not to interrupt the class me and listen to a story. What kind of example is this?
Scaffolding of attention which is a byproduct of Vygotskys theory
Define planning and provide an example
Planning involves thinking of sequence of actions ahead of time and I locating attention to reach your goal.
For example, the slide that would put up with the zoo animals in the camera
When did children advance in planning?
At about age 5 they can start using tools and practicing to help them learn
What does planning require of children?
It requires attention and working memory
What are the three things that enhance memory for new information?
Rehearsal which holds information in the working memory,
Organization in which you group related items.,
Elaboration which involves creating a relationship between two or more unrelated pieces of items
What are the three ways we used to retrieve information? Elaborate.
Recognition which is the simplest form of retrieval. This is like the task we did in class with Alyssa, showing her cards and having her recognize them
Recalling which generates the mental representation of the absent stimulants. Hear this would be if we kept the items out of you and asked her to Maine what she saw. Recall is correlated with language development.
Reconstruction of information or recoding while it is in the system or being retreat.
Is ADHD inheritable? Biological? Environmental? Most common treatment.
ADHD is highly inheritable. There’s a difference in biology in the brain such as neurotransmitter dysfunction serotonin and dopamine. And environmental plays a role.
Medication most common treatment.
Modeling and reinforcement.
What is the difference between semantic and episodic memory?
Semantic memory you this Faxon knowledge based information well episodic memory is a recollection of personal experiences. It appears that semantic memory developed earlier than episodic memory. And cemented knowledge contributes vitally to the development of episodic memory
What do Scripts referred to and is it episodic or semantic?
What type of parental dialogue helps children produce more coherent stories?
Scripts are used to predict what might happen in similar future situations. Scripts are a special form of reconstructive and episodic memory and it helps people organize and interpret every day experiences.
Speaking in elaborative rather than repetitive conversational styles.
Attention and memory strategies depend on 4 things. What are they?
- Production deficiency- unable to produce strategy
- Control deficiency- unable to execute effectively
- Utilization - utilize strategy without any improvement
- Finally, Effective strategy use.
How do children effectively plan better after 5 years old?`
From cultural tools
Adult guidance
Practice
How accurate is Recognition by pre-school?
Very
According to Fuzzy-trace theory, what does first reconstructed memory encode into?
A gist- vague version that is useful for reasoning. As children get older, they rely more on reconstructive memory and recall improves with age.
What does Cognitive self-regulation refer to?
Monitoring and controlling progress to reach a goal
What is Emergent literacy. What are some examples of Emergent Literacy?
Children understand written language even before the ability itself emerges. They try to actively construct literacy through informal experiences.
Sensitivity to mispronounced words, change in sounds, and rhyming is a sign of emergent literacy.
Define phonological awareness.
What does phonological awareness have to do with emergent literacy?
Phonological awareness is the ability to manipulate and reflect on sound structure.
It helps predicts emergent literacy knowledge and also reading achievement.
What helps to foster literacy development?
Vocab and grammar knowledge
Adult-child narrative convos
Informal literacy -related experiences
What is most effective for teaching beginning reading?
Whole-language
& Phonics approach
Is it better for children to have informal, OR formal literacy experiences?
It’s better for them to have informal literacy experiences. More wide array.
Why would children learn better when phonics is combined with whole-language approach?
Sounds enable children to decode words they’ve never heard before. Their fluency in decoding words allows them to attend to the meaning.
What is Cardinality?
Last word in a counting sequence indicates the whole quantity.
