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HazMat 5 to 7 > Ch. 7: Hazard Assessment and Risk Evaluation > Flashcards

Ch. 7: Hazard Assessment and Risk Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

What is recognized as a critical benchmark in safe and successful emergency response operations?

A

The concept of hazard assessment and risk evaluation.

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2
Q

What refer to a danger or peril?

A

hazards

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3
Q

What refer to the probability of suffering harm or loss?

A

risks

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4
Q

What are the three distinct, but inter-related tasks of the hazard and risk evaluation process?

A

1) Hazard Assessment
2) Risk Evaluation
3) Development of the IAP

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5
Q

What must responders understand to mount a safe and effective hazmat response?

A

1) how the enemy will behave
2) how it can harm
3) how these properties are influenced by the environment where the incident is occuring

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6
Q

What provide information on the behavior of a material?

A

physical properties

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7
Q

What is known as the pressure exerted by the vapor within the container against the sides of the container?

A

vapor pressure

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8
Q

The weight of a solid or liquid material as compared with the weight of an equal volume of water.

A

specific gravity

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9
Q

The weight of a pure vapor or gas compared with the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.

A

vapor density

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10
Q

The temperature at which a liquid changes its phase to a vapor or gas.

A

boiling point

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11
Q

The temperature at which a solid changes its phase to a liquid.

A

melting point

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12
Q

The ability of a substance to change from the solid to the vapor phase without passing through the liquid phase.

A

sublimation

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13
Q

The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied no matter how much pressure is applied.

A

critical temperature

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14
Q

The pressure that must be applied to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature.

A

critical pressure

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15
Q

The rapid release of a liquefied gas that causes it to rapidly cool, slow down the boiling process, and remain in a liquid state.

A

auto-refrigeration

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16
Q

The ease with which a liquid or solid can pass into the vapor state.

A

volatility

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17
Q

The rate at which a material will vaporize or change from liquid to vapor.

A

evaporation rate

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18
Q

The amount of gas produced by the evaporation of one volume of liquid at a given temperature.

A

expansion ratio

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19
Q

The ability of a solid, liquid, gas or vapor to dissolve in water or other specified medium.

A

solubility

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20
Q

The ability of materials to dissolve into a uniform mixture.

A

miscibility

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21
Q

Measurement of the thickness of a liquid and its ability to flow.

A

viscosity

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22
Q

What are the intrinsic characteristics or properties of a substance described by its tendency to undergo chemical change?

A

chemical properties

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23
Q

What typically provides responders with an understanding of how a material may harm?

A

chemical properties

24
Q

Concentration of material to which the body is exposed over a specific time period.

A

dose

25
Q

Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors that will ignite and flash over, but will not continue to burn without the addition of more heat.

A

flash point

26
Q

Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors that will ignite and sustain combustion.

A

fire point

27
Q

The minimum temperature required to ignite gas or vapor without a spark or flame being present.

A

ignition temperature

28
Q

The range of gas or vapor concentration that will burn or explode if an ignition source is present.

A

flammable range

29
Q

The byproducts of the combustion process that are harmful to humans.

A

toxic products of combustion

30
Q

What are the two primary tasks within the hazard and risk evaluation process?

A

1) gather hazard data and information on the materials involved
2) to compile that data in a useful manner so that risk evaluation process can be accomplished in a timely and efficient manner

31
Q

What should a good guidebook have?

A

well-written “How to Use” section

32
Q

What is the most recognized emergency information center?

A

CHEMTREC

33
Q

Which two ways can hazardous materials concentrations be identified?

A

1) on-site use of direct reading instruments

2) laboratory analysis of samples obtained through several collection methods

34
Q

What provides information at the time of sampling, thereby allowing for rapid, on-scene risk evaluation and decision making?

A

direct-reading instruments

35
Q

What is the period of time between when the instrument senses a product and when a monitor reading is produced?

A

instrument response time (lag time)

36
Q

The lowest concentration to which a monitoring instrument will respond.

A

lower detection limit (LDL)

37
Q

The process of adjusting a monitoring instrument so that its readings correspond to actual, known concentrations of a given material.

A

calibration

38
Q

What operations poses the greatest threat to emergency responders?

A

initial air monitoring and reconnaissance

39
Q

How should a hazard area be approached whenever possible?

A

upwind then move to the flanks of the release

40
Q

What is used to assess the level of risk, determine material hazards and characteristics, and make emergency response and clean-up decisions?

A

sampling

41
Q

What is a process that involves the collection of material that will be used in a legal proceeding?

A

evidence collection

42
Q

When dealing with flammable liquids, how should bung caps be removed?

A

unscrewed very slowly, ~.25 inches per movement

43
Q

What is the most critical task performed by emergency responders?

A

risk evaluation

44
Q

What is the overall objective of emergency responders at any emergency?

A

To favorably change or influence the outcome.

45
Q

What is defined as the process of breaking down complex actions into smaller, more easily understood parts?

A

event analysis

46
Q

What is defined as an applied force or system of forces that tend to either strain or deform a container or trigger a change in the condition of the contents?

A

stress

47
Q

What are the three types of stress?

A

thermal, mechanical, and chemical

48
Q

What type of stress is generally associated with hot or cold temperatures and their effects upon the container or its contents?

A

thermal stress

49
Q

What is the result of a transfer of energy when one object physically contacts or collides with another?

A

mechanical stress

50
Q

What is the result of a chemical reaction between two or more materials?

A

chemical stress

51
Q

What will happen when a container is stressed beyond its limits of recovery?

A

breach

52
Q

What will directly determine one’s ability to control the situation?

A

rate of release

53
Q

What are specific and measurable processes implemented to achieve the strategic goals?

A

tactical objectives

54
Q

What is the relative ability of a metal to bend or stretch without cracking?

A

ductility

55
Q

What is the most critical decision-making point in the successful management of a hazardous materials incident?

A

The evaluation of hazard information and the assessment of risks.

HazMat 5 to 7 (6 decks)

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