ch 7 - Carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
the 7 physiological roles of carbohydrates are:
A
- sources of energy
- energy storage
- structural roles
- cellular interaction
- cellular identification
- information transfer
- signaling
2
Q
which side of the chiral carbon with OH be on in a D sugar? L sugar?
A
- D sugar = right
- L sugar = left
3
Q
what is the difference in bonding patterns of aldoses and ketoses?
A
- aldoses have double bond with carbon at the end of the chain where ketoses have the double bond with carbon somewhere else
4
Q
which carbon do you look at to see if it is L or D?
A
the carbon furthest from the carbon double bonded with oxygen
5
Q
type of sugar differing at chiral center
A
epimer
6
Q
six membered sugar ring vs five membered sugar ring
A
- 6 sugar = pyranode
- 5 sugar = furanose
7
Q
how can you tell the difference between alpha and beta hydroxyl of anomeric carbons?
A
- alpha is below plane of the sugar (the OH)
- beta is above plane of the sugar
8
Q
where is the reducing end?
A
- where the exposed anomeric carbon is
9
Q
compare starch and glycogen?
A
- both are heavily saturated
- starch: mix of 2 molecules (amylose and amylopectin). found in plants and fungi
- glycogen: stored in liver and skeletal muscles of animals
10
Q
what are glycoproteins?
A
- proteins with covalently attached sugars
- protein is biggest contributor by weight
- many biological roles
- example: erythropoietin (EPO) - serum stimulation RBC production
11
Q
what are proteoglycans?
A
- carb portion largest by weight
- structural and lubrication functions
- carbs modified with these become more hydrophillic
12
Q
what are mucins?
A
- lubricant in mucus
- carb part typically outweighs protein
- adhere to epithelial
