Ch 7; Biological Approaches

Question 1

Phrenology

Answer 1

The study of the shape + size of the skull as a supposed indication of character + mental abilities. (Theory is discredited)

Question 2

Eugenics

Answer 2

Methods to improve populations by controlling the breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics.

Question 3

Environment

Answer 3

The external conditions, resources, + stimuli a person interacts with.

Question 4

Concordance Rate

Answer 4

In a random sample of pairs, the proportion of pairs that share a certain characteristic.

Question 5

Meta-analysis

Answer 5

A quantitative statistical analysis of several similar experiments/studies to test for statistical significance.

Question 6

Etiology

Answer 6

The cause of a condition.

Question 7

Heritability

Answer 7

The quality of being heritable, via genes.

Question 8

Labelling

Answer 8

Based on labelling theory, the act of describing someone as deviant.

Question 9

Correlation

Answer 9

The finding that two measurable phenomena occur together, suggesting a relationship, but not necessarily one of direct cause + effect.

Question 10

Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 10

A condition that includes a combination of behaviours, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity, + impulsive behaviour.

Question 11

Dopamine

Answer 11

A neurotransmitter that controls the reward + pleasure centres of the brain.

Question 12

Neurotransmitter

Answer 12

A substance that carries signals from cell to cell.

Question 13

Serotonin

Answer 13

A neurochemical that plays an important role in depression, anxiety + bipolar disorder. Also involved in brain development, serotonin dysfunction could lead to an increase in impulsiveness.

Question 14

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

Answer 14

Th range of disorders that can arise in a child if the child’s mother drank alcohol while pregnant. It is a leading cause of preventable developmental disability in Canada.

Question 15

Computer Tomography

Answer 15

A medical technique combining x-rays taken at many different angles + computer technology.

Question 16

Magnetic Resonance Images

Answer 16

A medical diagnostic technique that uses a powerful magnetic, radiofrequency waves, + computer imaging to produce images of tissues.

Question 17

Positron Emission Tomography

Answer 17

A recording of body images via a radioactive isotope injected into the blood that can followed in the body during activities. It it commonly used to study the functioning of parts of the brain.

Question 18

Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Answer 18

A recording of body images via a radioactive isotope injected into the blood that provides a 3D image of tissues. It is commonly used to measure brain blood flow.