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General Chemistry I > Ch. 7, 8, 9 > Flashcards

Ch. 7, 8, 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are wave functions?

A

The motion of electrons as a function of location and time

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2
Q

What does the symbol ᴪ represent?

A

Wave functions

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3
Q

What does ᴪ^2 define?

A

An orbital of high probability for locating an electron.

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4
Q

What do quantum numbers describe?

A

The most probable location of an electron

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5
Q

How many quantum numbers does each electron have?

A

4

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6
Q

Principal QN (n) describes…

A

the size and energy level of the orbital

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7
Q

The orbital with larger n…

A

has larger size, higher energy, and are farther form the nucleus

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8
Q

The orbitals with the same n…

A

are in the same shell

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9
Q

Angular Momentum QN (l) describes…

A

the shape and energy sublevel of the orbital

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10
Q

The orbitals with the same n AND l…

A

are in the same subshell

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11
Q

Magnetic Momentum QN describes…

A

the orientation of the orbital

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12
Q

Electron Spin QN describes…

A

the spin states of the electrons

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13
Q

The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that…

A

in a given atom, no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers

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14
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons in each orbital?

A

2

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15
Q

n^2 represents…

A

the number of orbitals in each energy shell

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16
Q

2n^2 represents…

A

the maximum number of electrons in each energy shell

17
Q

The Aufbau Principle states that…

A

electrons occupy lower energy orbitals before occupying higher energy orbitals

18
Q

What are the 14 shells in order of lowest energy to highest energy?

A

1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<4f<5d<5f

19
Q

Hund’s Rule states that…

A

orbitals of equal energy must all be occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron

20
Q

Orbital notation shows…

A

every electron with an arrow

21
Q

Electron configuration shows…

A

the total number of electrons in each sublevel as a superscript

22
Q

Condensed electron configuration is written as…

A

[noble gas] + outer electron configuration

23
Q

How many electrons does a filled orbital have?

A

Two

24
Q

How many electrons does a half-filled orbital have?

A

One

25
Q

How many electrons does an empty orbital have?

A

Zero

26
Q

Filled shells represent…

A

a condition of chemical stability

27
Q

Atoms or ions with filled shells…

A

tend to be stable and unreactive

28
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

the electrons in the outermost occupied shell of an atom

29
Q

The energy of valence electrons is (higher/lower) compared to that of the electrons in inner shells.

A

higher

30
Q

What is the function of valence electrons?

A

the formation of chemical bonds and determination of chemical properties

31
Q

What are core electrons?

A

the electrons in the inner shell of an atom

32
Q

What are chemical bonds?

A

forces that hold groups of atoms together

33
Q

What are the three types of ionic bonds?

A

ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds

34
Q

Ionic bonds result from…

A

the electrostatic attraction between a metal and a nonmetal

35
Q

Covalent bonds result from…

A

a sharing of valence electrons between two nonmetals

36
Q
A

General Chemistry I (1 decks)

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