Ch. 7

Question 1

Valence Orbital

Answer 1

The occupied orbital that hold the electrons involved in bonding

Question 2

what can electron configuration be used for

Answer 2

to see the similarities and differences in properites of elements

Question 3

the majority of elements in nature are found as

Answer 3

compounds

Question 4

the pull between the electrongs and the nucleus depends on:

Answer 4

the magnitude of the nuclear charge and the distance between them

Question 5

effective nuclear charge (Zeff)

Answer 5

comes from a single positive charge at the nucleus

Question 6

how do the inner electrons effect the outer electrons

Answer 6

they shield them from the nucleus

Question 7

Zeff equation

Answer 7

Zeff = Z - S

z-atomic number
s-shielding

Question 8

where does Zeff increase on the periodic table?

Answer 8

left to right across a period

increase going down a column

Question 9

atomic radius

Answer 9

the distance separating the nuclei when two atoms are bonded to each other

Question 10

bonding atomic radius

Answer 10

is equal to half of the nucleus to nucleus distance (d)

Question 11

what does knowing atomic radii allow us to estimate

Answer 11

bond length in molecules

Question 12

atomic radius increase from

Answer 12

top to bottom and right to left

Question 13

the size of an electron depends on

Answer 13

its nuclear charge, # of electrons, and the orbital the valence electrons are in

Question 14

cations are _______ then their parent atoms

Answer 14

smaller

Question 15

anions are ______ then their parent atoms

Answer 15

bigger

Question 16

Isoelectronic series

Answer 16

a group of ions containing the same number of electrons

Question 17

ionic radius _____ when the nuclear charge ______

Answer 17

decreases ; increases

Question 18

Ionization Energy

Answer 18

the energy needed to remove an electron

Question 19

First Ionization Energy

Answer 19

the energy needed to remove the first electron

Question 20

the greater the ionization energy:

Answer 20

the harder to remove an electron

Question 21

Ionization energy _______ as you remove electrons

Answer 21

increases

Question 22

the greatest ionization energy occurs when

Answer 22

an inner electron is taken

Question 23

removed electrons are always removed from

Answer 23

the occupied orbitals with the largest principal quantum number

Question 24

electron affinity

Answer 24

how much energy is released from stealing an electron

Question 25

Metallic character

Answer 25

how much an element exhibits the physical and chemical properties of metals

Question 26

Metallic character _____ down a group and _____ from right to left

Answer 26

increases ; decreases

Question 27

Metals Characteristics:

Answer 27

• shiny luster
• conduct heat and electricity
• malleable and ductile
• solid at room temp.
• melt at high heats
• low ionization energies
• form cations
• oxidize in chemical reactions

Question 28

most metal oxides are

Answer 28

basic