Ch 7

Question 1

The “best”, or most typical, instance Of a particular concept is called a:

Answer 1

Prototype

Question 2

Humans have a tendency to search for information that confirms preconceptions. This often leads us to astray and is known as:

Answer 2

Confirmation bias

Question 3

A ______ is a mental image or best example of all the features we associate with a category.

Answer 3

Prototype

Question 4

A persons well-established habits of perception or thought that sometimes get in the way of solving difficult problems are called:

Answer 4

Mental sets

Question 5

Cynthia always buys the brand of paper towels that is on sale, even if it is not the highest quality towel. Cynthia makes her decision about which paper towel to purchase based on the _____ model of decision-making.

Answer 5

Single feature

Question 6

What is the smallest unit of sound in language?

Answer 6

Phoneme

Question 7

We more quickly recognized that a blue Jay is a bird then that a penguin is a bird because a Blue Jay more closely resembles our ______ of a bird.

Answer 7

Prototype

Question 8

Humans have a tendency to search for information that confirms Preconceptions. This often leads us astray and is known as _____.

Answer 8

Confirmation bias

Question 9

Exemplar theory is more comprehensive than prototype theory because it:

Answer 9

Takes into account specific instances of categories, in addition to the prototype of the category.

Question 10

To solve a problem, we often make use of a simple thinking strategy. This strategy will allow us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently by following a _____.

Answer 10

Heuristic

Question 11

When we judge people and things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes, we tend to ignore other relevant information. This is called a _____.

Answer 11

Representativeness Heuristic

Question 12

This model known as the _____ Model of decision-making involves generating a list of the most important factors, then using an arbitrary rating scale to rate each alternative on each factor, which finally results in adding the ratings together for comparison purposes.

Answer 12

Additive

Question 13

Dr. Williams is designing a new intelligence test in thinking about all the mental groupings, or _____, That a person could answer for table, including surgical table, dining table, and work table.

Answer 13

Concepts

Question 14

If you have never seen a Chihuahua, but you have seen similar similar types of dog breeds such as rat Terriers in miniature pincher, which theory would better predict your ability to correctly identify Chihuahua law as a dog?

Answer 14

Exemplar theory

Question 15

When Katrina is asked to identify the letters of the alphabet that do not have curved lines, she tries to mentally picture each letter as she completes the task. Katrina is using _____.

Answer 15

Mental imagery

Question 16

A person’s well-established habits of perception or thought that sometimes get in the way of solving difficult problems are called _____?

Answer 16

Mental sets

Question 17

One major impediment to problem-solving is _____, Which is the inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective.

Answer 17

Fixation

Question 18

When we estimate the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory, we presume that such events are common. This is called a:

Answer 18

Availability heuristic

Question 19

The decision-making strategy known as the _____ Model involves basing a decision on an individual feature in order to simplify the choice among many alternatives.

Answer 19

Single-feature

Question 20

According to the focus on neuroscience box titled, “seeing faces and places in the mind eye,” fMRI Brain scans have shown that brain activity is _____ When a person is both imagining faces and places and preceiving actual faces and places.

Answer 20

Activated in different regions