Ch 7 Flashcards
What to expect
Arts Passages
- Strong opinions
- Quotations
- Descriptive language
- Appeal to authority
What to expect
Philosophical Passages
- Abstract
- Heavy logic
- Focus on concepts and the relations between them
- Appeal to memory
- Draw on common human experience
- (Religion - appeal to authority)
What to expect
Scientific Passages
- Empirical studies
2. Subtle author opinions
What to expect
History Passage
- Reference to historical events
- Quotes from dead people
- Reference to empirical studies or theoretical discussions
- Appeal to authority
Question type
Passages that are abundant in details contain
Detail questions
Question type
Passages use a new term often contain
Definition-in-context questions
Question type
Passages that are heavy in opinion often contain
Inference questions
Question type
Passages that contain multiple opinions often contain
Questions that require distinguishing or classifying different opinions
Question type
Passages that are heavy on Logic keywords or empirical evidence often contain
Strengthen-weaken (within the passage) questions
Question type
Passages hat lack support will often
Ask for this support through reasoning beyond the text questions
Types of support
Unsupported Claims
Assertions that lack evidence. If a claim is controversial and lacks evidence - this claim will be asked about
Types of support
Logical appeals
Include formation of the contra positive, analogically reasoning, and elimination of alternative possibilities
Types of support
Appeals to authority
References to outside sources, paraphrases, and direct quotations - use of primary & secondary sources
Types of support
Appeal to the reader
Includes rhetorical questions, emotional appeals (colorful language), and appeal to memory or imagination
Types of support
Faulty support
Includes attacking a person’s character, making generalizations, stereotyping, and refuting straw-man positions. Faulty support is rare but will be tested if it comes up
