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CH 7 Flashcards

1
Q

acid alaki neutralization reactions

A

when an acid is mixed with an aliki in equal proportions to neutralize each other and form water

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2
Q

acids

A

substances that have a PH below 7.0 taste sour, and then litmus paper from blue to red

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3
Q

air

A

the gaseous mixture that makes up the earths atmosphere. it is odorless colorless and generally consists of about 1 part oxygen and 4 parts nitrogen by volume

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4
Q

alkalis

A

also known as bases compounds that react with acids to form salts have a PH above 7 taste bitter and turn litmus paper from Red to blue

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5
Q

acid mantle

A

protective barrier of lipids and secretions in the surface of the skin

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6
Q

anion

A

an ion with a negative charge

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7
Q

antioxidants

A

used to stabilize skin care products by preventing oxidation that would otherwise cause a product to turn rancid and decompose

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8
Q

atoms

A

smallest chemical components of an element that still retains the properties of that element

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9
Q

cation

A

ion with a positive electrical charge

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10
Q

chemical change

A

change in the chemical properties of a substance that is the result of a chemical reaction in which a new substance or substances are formed that have properties different from the original

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11
Q

chemical compounds

A

combinations of two or more atoms of different elements united chemically with a fixed chemical composition definite proportions and distinct properties

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12
Q

chemical properties

A

those characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the identity of the substance

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13
Q

chemistry

A

science that deals with the composition, structures and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

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14
Q

combustion

A

rapid oxidation of any substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

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15
Q

compound molecules

A

also known as compounds a chemical combustion of two or more atoms of different elements in fixed proportions

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16
Q

element

A

the simplest form of matter cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without loss of identity

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17
Q

elemental molecules

A

molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in fixed proportions

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18
Q

emulsions

A

an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances that normally will not stay blended

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19
Q

free radicals

A

unstable molecules that cause inflammation disease and biochemical aging in the body especially wrinkling and sagging of the skin

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20
Q

gases

A

matter without a definite shape or size. no fixed volume or shape takes the shape of its container

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21
Q

hydrogen

A

colorless, odorless, tasteless gas, lightest element known

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22
Q

hydrogen peroxide

A

chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and slightly acid taste

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23
Q

hydrophilic

A

easily absorbs moisture, capable of combining with or attracting water

24
Q

hydroxide

A

an anion with one oxygen and one hydrogen atom

25
Q

immiscible

A

liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

26
Q

inorganic chemistry

A

the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon but may contain the element hydrogen

27
Q

ion

A

an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

28
Q

ionization

A

the seperation of an atom or molecule into positive or negative ions

29
Q

lipophilic

A

having an affinity for it an attraction to fat and oils

30
Q

liquids

A

matter that has volume no definite shape and will take shape of its container such as water

31
Q

logarithmic scale

A

a method of displaying data in multiples of 10

32
Q

matter

A

any substance that occupies space and has mass

33
Q

miscible

A

capable of being mixed, liquids that are mutually soluble meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

34
Q

molecule

A

a chemical combination of two or more atoms

35
Q

nitrogen

A

a colorless gaseous element that makes up about four fifths of the air in our atmosphere and is found chiefly in ammonia and nitrates

36
Q

oil in water emulsion

A

oil droplets dispersed in a water with the aid of an emulsifying agent

37
Q

organic chemistry

A

study of substances that contain carbon

38
Q

oxidation

A

either the addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen. a chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide

39
Q

oxidation- reduction

A

also knows as redox. chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

40
Q

oxidize

A

to combine or cause a substance to combine with oxygen

41
Q

oxygen

A

the most abundant element on earth

42
Q

pH

A

the abbreviation used to potential hydrogen

43
Q

pH scale

A

a measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance. 0-14

44
Q

physical change

A

chance in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the formation of a new substances

45
Q

physical mixtures

A

combination of two or more substances united physically not chemically without a fixed composition and in any proportions

46
Q

physical properties

A

characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction. and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance

47
Q

redox reactions

A

chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

48
Q

reduction

A

the process through which oxygen is subtracted from it hydrogen is added to a substance through chemical reaction

49
Q

solids

A

a state of matter that is rigid with a definite size and shape such as ice

50
Q

solute

A

a substance that dissolves to form a solution

51
Q

solutions

A

a uniform mixture of two or more mutually miscible substances

52
Q

solvent

A

a substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution

53
Q

states of matter

A

the three different physical forms of matter solid liquid and gas

54
Q

surfactants

A

acronym for surface active agent: reduce surface tension between the skin and the product to increase product spreadability. allow oil and water to mix

55
Q

suspensions

A

unstable mixtures of two or more immiscible substances

56
Q

water

A

most abundant of all substances comprising about 75 percent of the earths surface and about 65 percent of the human body

57
Q

water in oil

A

droplets of water dispersed in oil

Ch 7 (1 decks)

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