CH 68 Androgens Flashcards
Drug: testosterone
Class: endogenous androgen
MOA: binds to androgen receptors, regulating gene transcription to exert androgenic and anabolic effects. Also converted to DHT and estradiol for other actions
Drug: methyltestosterone
Class: synthetic androgen; 17-alpha-alkylated steroid
MOA: binds to androgen receptors, promoting protein synthesis and development of male characteristics. Suppresses natural gonadotropin release
Note: one of the 1st synthetic anabolic steroids available in 1936
Drug: fluoxymesterone
Class: synthetic androgen; 17-alpha-alkylated steroid
MOA: binds strongly to androgen receptors. Interacts with cellular processes for protein synthesis. May inhibit enstrogen/prolactin receptors
Note: can weakly bind to glucocorticoid receptors due to similar structure
Drug: testosterone propionate
Class: synthetic androgen; testosterone ester
MOA: similar to testosterone (binds androgen receptor).
Note: esterification modifies absorption/duration (allows IM injection with slower release)
What are the effects of androgens in utero in males?
Development of male genitalia, brain differentiation for male characteristics
Androgens play a crucial role in male sexual differentiation during fetal development.
What are the effects of androgens in utero in females?
Minimal androgen effects, but can affect sexual differentiation in disorders of sexual development (DSDs)
In females, androgens have limited effects but can influence certain conditions.
What are the effects of androgens during childhood and puberty in males?
Growth of facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, muscle development, increased bone density
These changes are critical for the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
What are the effects of androgens during childhood and puberty in females?
Regulation of the menstrual cycle, some body hair growth, changes in body composition
Androgens contribute to various physiological changes during puberty.
What are the effects of androgens in later life for males?
Maintenance of libido, muscle mass, and bone density; decline with age associated with low testosterone levels
Testosterone levels typically decrease with age, affecting various bodily functions.
What are the effects of androgens in later life for females?
Support libido and bone health, but decrease after menopause
The decline in androgens post-menopause can impact women’s health.
What are the beneficial actions of androgens in managing hypogonadism in adult males?
Restores testosterone, improving libido, energy, and mood; increases muscle mass, strength, and bone density; improves cognitive function and reduces fatigue
Hormone replacement therapy can significantly enhance quality of life in hypogonadal men.
What are the signs and symptoms of male hypogonadism?
Low libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, reduced muscle mass, mood swings, decreased bone density
Symptoms can vary widely among individuals.
How is male hypogonadism diagnosed?
Based on clinical symptoms and confirmed by low serum testosterone levels
Diagnosis often requires both clinical evaluation and laboratory tests.
What are the desired effects of anabolic steroid use in athletes?
Increased muscle mass, strength, and endurance; faster recovery from injury; enhanced performance
Athletes may use anabolic steroids to gain a competitive edge.
What are the metabolic effects of anabolic steroids in athletes?
Increased red blood cell production, nitrogen retention, altered fat distribution
These effects contribute to improved athletic performance.
What are the psychological effects of anabolic steroid use in athletes?
Increased aggression, mood swings, euphoria
Psychological changes can lead to significant behavioral issues.
What are the physical risks of anabolic steroid use in athletes?
Liver damage, cardiovascular disease, reproductive issues (e.g., testicular shrinkage, infertility)
The long-term health consequences of steroid abuse can be severe.
What are the psychological risks of anabolic steroid abuse in athletes?
Aggressive behavior, mood swings, potential for addiction
Abuse can lead to serious mental health issues.
